硬脊膜外脓肿手术

2016-03-14 MedSci www.windrug.com

硬脊膜外脓肿手术 椎管内硬脊膜外间隙的化脓性炎症在椎管内化脓性炎症中比较常见。皮肤疖疮为最主要原发感染灶,致病菌绝大多数是金黄色葡萄球菌,血行播散最为常见。多发生于胸椎上段背面,它引起脊髓损害症状,多半急剧而严重;如手术治疗及时,大多可治愈,哪延误诊断将造成严重残废,甚至死亡。 [适应证] 硬脊膜外脓肿临床诊断成立,或腰椎穿刺、椎旁穿刺抽出脓液,或脊髓造影证实有脊髓压迫者均应手术治疗。病情发

硬脊膜外脓肿手术

椎管内硬脊膜外间隙的化脓性炎症在椎管内化脓性炎症中比较常见。皮肤疖疮为最主要原发感染灶,致病菌绝大多数是金黄色葡萄球菌,血行播散最为常见。多发生于胸椎上段背面,它引起脊髓损害症状,多半急剧而严重;如手术治疗及时,大多可治愈,哪延误诊断将造成严重残废,甚至死亡。

[适应证]

硬脊膜外脓肿临床诊断成立,或腰椎穿刺、椎旁穿刺抽出脓液,或脊髓造影证实有脊髓压迫者均应手术治疗。病情发展急剧而严重者应视为神经外科急症。

[术前准备]

同椎管-脊髓探查术。

[麻醉]

全麻或局麻。

[手术步骤]

1.体位 侧卧位或俯卧位。

2.以病灶为中心作后背正中切口。如脓肿已穿破椎管,形成椎旁脓肿,则在显露棘突及椎板过程中即可见到脓液,否则,先在病灶中心咬除1~2个椎板即可见到硬脊膜外脓肿,然后再根据病变范围向上下两端扩大,一边显露,一边清除脓液,要使硬脊膜显露区上下均出现搏动。病变部位的椎板和椎体如有化脓性骨髓炎,骨质松软易碎,在从椎板上剥离肌肉时应小心,不可用力过猛,以防损伤脊髓。椎板切除不要损伤关节面,硬脊膜外肉芽组织应予轻轻刮除,注意勿损伤硬脊膜。尽量不要将骨蜡或明胶海绵遗留在伤口内,以免引起异物反应。不可切开硬脊膜,以免感染向硬脊膜下腔扩散[图1-1~7]。

1-1 切口
1-2 显露棘上棘带
1-3 剥离骶棘肌
1-4 干纱布填塞止血
1-5 切除棘间韧带
1-6 剪除棘突
1-7 切除椎板
图1 椎管-脊髓探查术

3.在炎症未扩散到肌层或手术中发现主要为肉芽组织、创口污染不严重的病例,可缝合全部切口。一般感染较重者,仍以放置引流管较为安全。引流管于24~48小时后拔除。感染严重,脓液广泛扩散至肌层,估计引流无效的病例,可于伤口内填塞纱布引流,以后逐日拔除,残留伤口待肉芽组织生长或二期缝合。

[术中注意事项]

手术中如果发现脓液自硬脊膜下溢出,则可沿该处穿刺抽脓,或扩大硬脊膜溢脓孔,吸出脓液,脓腔冲洗,但不可将已与脊髓粘连的蛛网膜强行剥离,以免扩散炎症或损伤脊髓。

[术后处理]

同椎管-脊髓探查术。伤口脓液应作细菌培养及抗生素敏感试验,全身选用适当抗生素。伤口脓液引流较多者,可在引流管拔出前向伤口内注入抗生素溶液。在引流脓液的同时,必须有效地控制全身感染。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“williamhill asia 医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于williamhill asia 医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“williamhill asia 医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“williamhill asia 号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与williamhill asia 联系,williamhill asia 将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87569, encodeId=a9248e56974, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72045, encodeId=d8b6e204544, content=图片漂亮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515774, encodeId=23ba1515e7433, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92ace361409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬脊膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73614, encryptionId=92ace361409, topicName=硬脊膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c70110872610, createdName=ms7421025882867189, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537244, encodeId=bdd3153e24434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a988520e74' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85207, encryptionId=8a988520e74, topicName=脓肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d01712842068, createdName=hunizi009, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87569, encodeId=a9248e56974, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72045, encodeId=d8b6e204544, content=图片漂亮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515774, encodeId=23ba1515e7433, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92ace361409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬脊膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73614, encryptionId=92ace361409, topicName=硬脊膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c70110872610, createdName=ms7421025882867189, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537244, encodeId=bdd3153e24434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a988520e74' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85207, encryptionId=8a988520e74, topicName=脓肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d01712842068, createdName=hunizi009, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 milkshark

    图片漂亮

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87569, encodeId=a9248e56974, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72045, encodeId=d8b6e204544, content=图片漂亮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515774, encodeId=23ba1515e7433, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92ace361409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬脊膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73614, encryptionId=92ace361409, topicName=硬脊膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c70110872610, createdName=ms7421025882867189, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537244, encodeId=bdd3153e24434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a988520e74' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85207, encryptionId=8a988520e74, topicName=脓肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d01712842068, createdName=hunizi009, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87569, encodeId=a9248e56974, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72045, encodeId=d8b6e204544, content=图片漂亮, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515774, encodeId=23ba1515e7433, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92ace361409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬脊膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73614, encryptionId=92ace361409, topicName=硬脊膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c70110872610, createdName=ms7421025882867189, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537244, encodeId=bdd3153e24434, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a988520e74' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脓肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85207, encryptionId=8a988520e74, topicName=脓肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d01712842068, createdName=hunizi009, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-16 hunizi009