脑外科手术机器人:从脸颊进入大脑

2014-10-28 佚名 煎蛋网

未来,某些脑部手术甚至无需在颅骨上钻洞就能够完成。 美国范德堡大学的研究人员对外公布了一台目前还处在研发阶段的新型手术机器人,机器人可以从脸颊对脑区进行精准定位——从脸颊进入脑部可以避免重要的颅脑区和神经系统。如果是患有严重癫痫,其它治疗方法束手无策的病人,可以使用该机器人进行入侵性小得多的治疗。传统治疗方法有时需要钻入病人颅骨破坏癫痫热点。但是因为这种手术具有一定的风险,往往是万不得已时才

未来,某些脑部手术甚至无需在颅骨上钻洞就能够完成。

美国范德堡大学的研究人员对外公布了一台目前还处在研发阶段的新型手术机器人,机器人可以从脸颊对脑区进行精准定位——从脸颊进入脑部可以避免重要的颅脑区和神经系统。如果是患有严重癫痫,其它治疗方法束手无策的病人,可以使用该机器人进行入侵性小得多的治疗。传统治疗方法有时需要钻入病人颅骨破坏癫痫热点。但是因为这种手术具有一定的风险,往往是万不得已时才会用的最后一招。而这台机器人进入脑部的路线更精确,也不是笔直前进,而是按照曲折的路线前进,可以最大程度减少对脑部的损伤。

脑外科手术机器人:从脸颊进入大脑

“(针头)摸着很有弹性,”负责设计机器人的研究生David Comber说。

之所以采用弹性设计,是为了让机器人能迫使加热后的镍钛合金针头通过管道,让针头能贴合通路的形状在贯穿大脑的管道中前行。当针头一点一点地离开管道末端,针头就能回复原来的形状。Comber说前进中的针头有点像一条毛毛虫前行的样子。

医生在手术过程中会使用核磁共振扫描追踪针头通过软组织的细微进程。但是针头进入大脑时不能切下周围的脑组织,要保证这一点非常困难。

Comber 说:“针尖走过的地方,针尖后面的部分就会跟着走。”任何误差都可能是毁灭性的。目前机器报告的精确度为1.18毫米——只比针的直径宽了0.04毫米。

设计推动针头在管道中移动的气动系统的Eric Barth和研究记忆合金的Bob Webster在商讨如何将两人的研究项目综合起来的时候想到了这个项目。Comber和神经手术医生Joseph Neiman参与了后续研究,来帮助两人解决建造神经外科手术机器人制造过程中面临的具体难题。

他们预计10年内该机器人可以应用于手术中。

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    2014-10-30 xue8602
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