ACS Nano:突破!科学家利用来自尿液的生物标志物进行早期癌症筛查

2017-03-09 佚名 生物谷

日前,来自韩国蔚山国家科学技术研究所的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新技术,该技术能够有效在尿液或血液中有效鉴别出促进癌症发生的物质,相关研究刊登于国际杂志 ACS Nano 上。文章中,研究人员开发出了一种集成的离心微流体平台(Exodisc),这种设备能够对尿液中的胞外膜泡 (extracellular vesicles,EVs) 进行分离。研究人员希望这种技术或能用于临床设备中来检测尿液中基于

日前,来自韩国蔚山国家科学技术研究所的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新技术,该技术能够有效在尿液或血液中有效鉴别出促进癌症发生的物质,相关研究刊登于国际杂志 ACS Nano 上。文章中,研究人员开发出了一种集成的离心微流体平台(Exodisc),这种设备能够对尿液中的胞外膜泡 (extracellular vesicles,EVs) 进行分离。

研究人员希望这种技术或能用于临床设备中来检测尿液中基于胞外膜泡的生物标志物,从而用于癌症诊断;胞外膜泡是一种细胞衍生的纳米囊泡结构,其尺寸仅有 40-1000 纳米,存在于几乎所有类型的体液中,同时胞外膜泡在细胞间的通讯中也扮演着关键角色,还能够参与调节多种细胞功能的生物信号的运输。尽管研究人员增加了胞外膜泡作为潜在生物标志物进行多种疾病的诊断以及预后评价,但当前分离和分析胞外膜泡的方法往往需要进行长时间复杂的处理过程,比如一种经常用于分离胞外膜泡的方法—超速离心法,其就需要多个耗时的步骤,包括离心作用,并且还需要获取较大的样本量,但最后往往纯度和产量较低。

为了克服这些限制,研究人员就开发出了一种快速、具有尺寸选择性的新型平台结构,该平台能够从原始的生物样本中有效分离并且分析纳米尺寸的胞外膜泡结构,比如细胞培养的上清液或者癌症患者的尿液。研究者 Hyun-Kyung Woo 博士表示,新型平台 Exodisc 由两个独立的过滤单元组成(尺寸分别为 20 纳米和 600 纳米),其能够同时对两个不同的样本进行处理,通过对这种盘状芯片进行旋转,尿液样本就能够通过两个集成的纳米过滤器被转移,从而就能够富集尺寸在 20-600 纳米范围之内的尿液胞外膜泡结构。

该平台中纳米多孔过滤器中孔的大小能够被任意设置,从而就能够实现从病原菌或不必要的蛋白质中对纳米尺寸的囊泡结构进行有效分离,研究者 Cho 教授指出,利用 Exodisc 平台williamhill asia 就能够在 30 分钟之内对原始样本中的胞外膜泡进行分离,而且通过离心力来进行过滤的过程完全是自动化完成的,这就能够有效地富集胞外膜泡结构。

这项研究中,研究小组通过分离来自膀胱癌患者尿液中的胞外膜泡,对临床样本进行了检测,而他们就是利用这种桌面大小的离心微粒体系统完成了研究,因此研究人员就能够实现在 30 分钟内对尿液中尺寸在 20-600 纳米的胞外膜泡进行自动化富集;研究者 Vijaya Sunkara 指出,利用分离自膀胱癌患者机体中的胞外膜泡进行 ELISA 反应就能够发现 CD9 和 CD81 高水平的表达,这也就表明,这种方法或许能够被用于临床研究中,来帮助检测尿液中基于胞外膜泡的生物标志物,从而用于对癌症进行诊断。

最后研究人员说道,目前williamhill asia 正在进行后期深入研究来确定是否能够通过分析所收集的纳米颗粒就能够对包括癌症在内的多种疾病进行确定,williamhill asia 希望本文中所开发的设备能够帮助推进当前肿瘤生物学相关的研究,并且加速利用基于胞外膜泡的液体活检技术来进行个体化疗法的开发。

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    2017-03-11 yaanren
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