Nature:研究人员发现可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默病的信号分子

2021-07-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结。

神经胶质细胞生态系统内的通信对于神经元和大脑健康至关重要但是神经胶质细胞对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者大脑中 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 和神经原纤维 tau 的积累和清除的影响知之甚少,尽管人们越来越意识到这些是治疗上重要的相互作用

发表在《自然》杂志上由马萨诸塞州综合医院 (MGH) 的研究人员领导一项研究确定了一种特殊的信号分子该信号分子可以帮助改变炎症和免疫系统以预防阿尔茨海默病研究发现一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结

当神经元开始死亡时,与阿尔茨海默病相关的认知能力下降。神经元死亡可能是由不当的免疫反应和过度的神经炎症或大脑炎症引起的,由高水平的淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引发

“一旦神经元开始大量死亡,称为小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的脑细胞——它们通常是清理碎片的培养细胞——就会被激活以引起神经炎症,以保护大脑。它们在进化上被编程为消灭大脑区域神经元细胞死亡过多,因为它可能是由于感染引起的,必须阻止其传播,

在阿尔茨海默病的情况下,淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引起的神经元细胞死亡激活了这种反应。随着神经炎症的发生,细胞死亡的数量至少是由斑块和缠结引起的死亡数量的 10 倍。所以阻止神经炎症的进展很关键!

 该研究结果发现星形胶质细胞来源的白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 编程小胶质细胞可以改善 AD 的进展星形胶质细胞组成性地产生 IL-3,它引发小胶质细胞的转录、形态和功能编程,赋予它们急性免疫反应程序、增强的运动性以及聚集和清除 Aβ 和 tau 聚集体的能力。这些变化限制了 AD 病理和认知能力下降。研究员将 IL-3 确定为星形胶质细胞 - 小胶质细胞串扰的关键介质和 AD 治疗干预的节点。

“知道星形胶质细胞通过 IL-3 与小胶质细胞对话以教育小胶质细胞并帮助它们降低阿尔茨海默病的严重程度,这可能具有重要的临床意义,”Swirski 说。“williamhill asia 现在可以考虑一下如何使用IL-3不仅有助于遏制了神经炎症--是进行神经元细胞死亡的阿尔茨海默氏病的大头,但也诱使小胶质细胞扫清Aβ 和 tau 聚集体

“在大脑中发现 IL-3 令人惊讶,”第一作者、系统生物学中心的讲师 Cameron McAlpine 博士说。“williamhill asia 的研究结果表明,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞之间通过 IL-3 的通讯是一种重要的机制,它可以通过指导小胶质细胞适应保护功能来预防阿尔茨海默病。随着进一步研究,IL-3 信号可能提供一个新的治疗机会来对抗神经系统疾病。

 

参考文献Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer's disease, Nature (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03734-6 , www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03734-6

 

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    2021-10-06 liye789132251
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香港科技大学28日宣布,该校领导的一支国际研究团队成功研发出简单可靠的血液检测方法,能及早筛查并识别阿尔茨海默病患者,准确率逾96%。

Alzheimers Dement:小血管病比阿尔茨海默病更能决定记忆力临床患者的扩散MRI改变

在记忆临床患者中,SVD对弥散改变的影响远远超过AD,支持扩散测量作为SVD标志物的价值。

Brain Connect:小脑在AD大脑连接变化中起着重要作用

小脑高代谢是阿尔茨海默病的一个强大的神经影像学特征。此外,小脑的高代谢与该区域介数中心性的增加有关,表明小脑在AD期间大脑连接变化中起着重要作用。

J Control Release:艾地苯醌纳米棒制剂治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效好

IDBNRs在不同介质中具有快速释放活性药物和体外抗氧化能力

拓展阅读

【解密AD】阿尔茨海默病免疫疗法的前沿探索与突破

阿尔茨海默病作为神经科领域的研究热点,一直备受关注。本文将为您梳理近期关于阿尔茨海默病的最新研究成果,带您快速了解该领域的最新动态,为神经科医生的研究和临床实践提供有力支持。

Brain:阿尔茨海默病中卵圆孔电极上的癫痫活动与睡眠和Tau病理的关联

阿尔茨海默病患者中癫痫样活动主要在卵圆孔电极上可见,并与睡眠阶段和Tau蛋白的分布显著相关,提示存在多方向的相互作用。

Alzheimer's & Dementia: 阿尔茨海默病谱系中认知和功能的新测量方法:心理测量特性、趋同性验证及与既有测量方法的对比

本研究开发了NPE量表和CFSAT系统用于早期阿尔茨海默病的检测,结果显示这些新测量方法在心理测量特性和与AD风险因素的关联方面优于既有测量方法,适用于AD临床试验中的早期检测和干预。

王子华/胡志远/陈晓春《ACS Nano》:开发自组装多肽用于阿尔茨海默病无创早期监测

开发高灵敏度、高特异度、经济型的血液生物学标志物检测方法,对于AD的无创早期监测具有重要意义。

IVD前沿丨AD领域必看:淀粉样蛋白血液生物标志物测试的标准

这些建议旨在为患者、提供者和检测开发人员提供临床使用的BBM检测的最低标准,并描述这些标准的基本原理。

JAMA Neurology:睡眠、24小时活动节律与后续β-淀粉样蛋白病理学

24小时活动节律的碎片化与后续较高的Aβ负荷相关,特别是在APOE4携带者中。这表明碎片化的节律可能是阿尔茨海默病的潜在风险因素。