PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases: 埃及伊蚊对新发蚊媒病毒—艾比湖病毒的感染和传播风险研究方面取得进展

2022-07-20 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所

作为一种具有潜在威胁的新型虫媒病毒,系统评估媒介蚊虫对该病毒的媒介能力,以预测其传播风险对于新型传染病的预警是极为重要的。

近年来,蚊媒病毒引发的蚊媒传染病对公共卫生安全的威胁逐步增加。到目前为止,已知的重要蚊媒病毒主要分布在黄病毒科、披膜病毒科、泛布尼亚病毒科和呼肠孤病毒科。艾比湖病毒(Ebinur Lake virus,EBIV),一种新发现的正布尼亚病毒,前期实验研究已证实该病毒对小鼠具有高致病性,并且已在人群和动物中检测到EBIV的抗体。作为一种具有潜在威胁的新型虫媒病毒,系统评估媒介蚊虫对该病毒的媒介能力,以预测其传播风险对于新型传染病的预警是极为重要的。

2022年7月19日,热带医学领域知名期刊PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases在线发表了中国科学院武汉病毒研究所/生物安全大科学研究中心袁志明、夏菡团队在媒介蚊虫对艾比湖病毒感染和传播能力方面的最新研究论文,论文题为“Vector competence and immune response of Aedes aegypti for Ebinur Lake virus, a new mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus”(《埃及伊蚊对新型蚊媒正布尼亚病毒EBIV的媒介能力及其感染后的免疫应答》)。该论文系统评估了埃及伊蚊传播EBIV的媒介效能,并对埃及伊蚊感染该病毒后的免疫应答进行了初步分析。

该研究以埃及伊蚊为模型,首先研究了EBIV在埃及伊蚊上的感染和传播效力。结果表明,埃及伊蚊具有叮咬传播EBIV的风险,且在感染后第14天其唾液病毒阳性率可达11.8%。此外,病毒血餐后,埃及伊蚊的病毒感染率、播散率和卵巢病毒阳性率分别最高可达70%、42.9%和29.4%。而通过胸腔注射感染EBIV后,埃及伊蚊对病毒表现出强易感性,在感染后第10天其病毒唾液病毒阳性率高达90%,且病毒感染率、播散率和卵巢病毒阳性率均为100%(图1)。

随后,该团队对感染EBIV后的埃及伊蚊的转录组进行了分析,结果显示,感染艾比湖病毒后,埃及伊蚊体内与免疫和代谢相关的基因发生了差异表达。其中,胸腔注射感毒蚊虫体内防御素-C(Defensin-C)和几丁质酶10(chitinase 10)的表达量随感染时间增加而持续下调(图2)。这些结果为EBIV在埃及伊蚊上的传播效力及其与媒介相互作用提供了基础数据,提示EBIⅤ对公共卫生安全可能具有潜在风险。

武汉病毒所博士生杨辞寒、特别研究助理王飞博士为论文第一作者,袁志明研究员、夏菡青年研究员为本文的通讯作者。美国德州大学医学部Dennis Bente教授,菲律宾热带医学研究所Ferdinand V. Salazar研究员、海南大学韩谦教授、新疆军区疾控中心李海龙研究员为该项研究的合作作者。该项研究获得“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟(ANSO)项目资助。

图1:经血餐和胸腔注射感染后埃及伊蚊对EBIV的媒介能力和EBIV在埃及伊蚊中肠和卵巢中的免疫荧光定位( A-F )和病毒粒子( G-N )

图2:埃及伊蚊经胸腔注射感染EBIV后基因表达变化

原始出处:

Cihan Yang, et al. Vector competence and immune response of Aedes aegypti for Ebinur Lake virus, a newly classified mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2022.

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    2023-03-28 cmj8wellington
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    2022-10-24 aliceclz
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    2022-07-21 Tamikia
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    2022-07-21 dongjia2015
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    2022-07-21 tomyang92

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