BMJ:一项多中心随机对照临床试验显示,电子健康记录“弹出式警报”不能降低急性肾损伤患者的临床风险

2021-01-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

急性肾损伤在住院病人中常发,并与住院病人死亡率增加有关。对于住院患者急性肾损伤开展电子健康记录警报是否能更有效提高患者治疗情况,改善临床结果,根据这篇BMJ杂志的随机双盲试验结果显示,不能。

急性肾损伤--肾脏滤过功能的突然下降--是住院病人中常见的现象,与住院病人死亡率增加近10倍密切相关。而在幸存者中,急性肾损伤的发生也与慢性肾脏疾病、终末期肾脏疾病和死亡率的风险增加有关。尽管急性肾损伤的发生与患者疾病治疗和预后存在如此密切的风险性,但对其预防和预警在临床护理过程中却较常被疏漏。据统计,大约有15%的住院患者发生该综合征,然而其中只有不到一半患者在电子健康记录中被记录。诊断急性肾损伤发生最合适的方法即常规尿液分析、尿量测量和肌酐重复测量在医疗机构中大多不能良好执行。

因此,假设提高对急性肾损伤的识别率将会改善对这些患者的护理,从而改善临床结果。目前,英、美等国的许多医疗机构已将急性肾损伤的电子警报作为常规临床护理的一部分。然而,这些警报的疗效数据有限,仍然没有明确的证据表明其对患者结局的益处。此外,由于急性肾损伤是一种异质性疾病,缺乏成熟的缓解策略,警报可能会促使采取不必要甚至有害的行动。

为探讨电子健康记录警报是否会改善患者的死亡率、透析和急性肾损伤进展结果,美国耶鲁大学医学院的Perry Wilson等人设计了一项双盲、多中心、平行、随机对照试验,该研究结果发表于近期的BMJ杂志上。

试验选取了美国康涅狄格州和罗德岛州耶鲁纽黑文卫生系统的6家医院募集的6030名急性肾损伤的成年住院患者。研究组设置了基于电子健康记录的急性肾损伤 "弹出式 "警报,并在医务人员打开患者的医疗记录时设置相关的急性肾损伤处置选项。主要结果为观察受试者随机化后14天内急性肾损伤进展、接受透析或死亡的复合结果。预先指定的次要结果包括各医院的临床结果和急性肾损伤的各种护理实践的频率。

结果显示,在超过22个月的观察期内,共有6030名患者被随机分组。主要结果率为:警报组21.3%(653/3059);常规护理对照组20.9%(622/2971),(相对风险1.02,95%置信区间0.93~1.13,P=0.67)。按每家医院的分析显示,两家非教学医院的结果更差(n=765,13%),警报与主要结果的风险更高(相对风险1.49,95%置信区间1.12至1.98,P=0.006)。这些中心发生了更多的死亡(警报组15.6% v 常规护理组8.6%,P=0.003)。警报组的某些急性肾损伤护理实践有所增加,但似乎并不直接导致临床结局。

研究目标的主要和次要结果

从试验结果上看,警报并没有降低急性肾损伤住院患者中主要结果的风险。且不同临床中心效果的异质性提示应对现有的急性肾损伤警报系统进行重新评估。此外,由于警报可能会分散医务人员对其他更重要的临床病人护理的注意力,所以对其有效性和安全性还需谨慎讨论

williamhill asia 医学点评:目前HIS中集成了大量的疾病风险预测模型,以实时提醒医护人员,表面看上好事情,但是,事实上是不是真的有用,还要看研究的结果。这项研究结果显示,这类预警可能并不一定有价值。

原始出处:

F Perry Wilson, et al. Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial. BMJ 2021; 372 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4786 (Published 18 January 2021)

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    2023-12-08 风湿免疫科医生 来自天津

    感谢分享

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    2021-12-15 gaoxiaoe
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    2021-08-23 amyloid
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    2021-01-26 风湿免疫科医生

    嗯嗯

    0

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    2021-01-22 肿瘤克星

    高质量研究,读起来真爽,谢谢williamhill asia

    0

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