BMJ Open:“新计算器”助力临床医师精准诊断糖尿病分型

2019-10-09 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

精准确诊患者的糖尿病分型在糖尿病诊疗中举足轻重,是临床工作中的难点之一。由于患者临床特征的复杂性,尽管胰岛细胞相关的抗体检测、1型糖尿病遗传风险在一定程度上有助于诊断,却并不能做到精准诊断。 近期发表于BMJ OPEN杂志的一项研究显示一种在线使用的“新计算器”有助于快速诊断不同类型的糖尿病。

精准确诊患者的糖尿病分型在糖尿病诊疗中举足轻重,是临床工作中的难点之一。由于患者临床特征的复杂性,尽管胰岛细胞相关的抗体检测、1型糖尿病遗传风险在一定程度上有助于诊断,却并不能做到精准诊断。 近期发表于BMJ OPEN杂志的一项研究显示一种在线使用的“新计算器”有助于快速诊断不同类型的糖尿病。

本计算器在线使用糖尿病鉴别分型诊断模型

来自英国埃克塞特大学、牛津大学和邓迪大学共同联合开发了这种“新计算器”帮助临床医生快速诊断1型糖尿病(T1DM)或2型糖尿病 (T2DM),以指导临床医生采取最佳治疗方案,减少糖尿病并发症发生。“新计算器”是基于多变量临床诊断模型,纳入了患者的临床特征(诊断年龄、体质指数等)和临床生物标志物(谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体GADA、胰岛抗原2胰岛自身抗体,T1DM遗传风险评分)五个预测变量,以快速鉴别糖尿病的不同分型,减少误诊。

这项研究共纳入了1352例糖尿病患者用于多变量临床诊断模型的开发,582例糖尿病患者用于多变量临床诊断模型的验证,研究对象均为欧洲白人,年龄为18~50岁。T1DM诊断标准为快速的胰岛素需求(诊断后3年内)和严重内源性胰岛素缺乏(C肽<200pmol/l),T2DM诊断标准为短期内无胰岛素需求,或胰岛素治疗3年内保留内源性胰岛素分泌功能(C肽>600pmol/L,糖尿病病程≥5年)。

研究结果显示,模型开发队列中有13%的受试者为T1DM,五个预测变量均为T1DM的独立判别预测因子(P<0.001),个体接受者运行曲线下面积(ROC AUC)为0.82~0.85。多变量临床诊断模型预测准确性高,ROC AUC范围为0.90(95%CI为0.88~0.93)(仅临床特征)至0.97(95% CI为0.96-0.98)(所有预测因子),且预测误差低。多变量临床诊断模型的验证结果与预测结果保持一致,临床特征和GADA标志物预测ROC AUC为0.93(0.90~0.96)(图1)。结合临床特征和生物标志物的多变量临床诊断模型识别具有快速胰岛素需求的T1DM准确性高,可帮助临床医生和研究者准确地识别T1DM患者。




图1:新计算器研发样本验证结果情况

“新计算器”基于埃克塞特大学前期开发的相似计算器,帮助临床医生诊断患者是否为单一基因引起的糖尿病亚型MODY。目前在线计算器使用人群已经超过10万人,且9000余人下载了糖尿病诊断应用,这些数据将在“新计算器”中得以更新。近期,巴塞罗那召开的欧洲糖尿病研究协会年会(EASD2019)上发表的一项新研究表明,约半数转诊至英国诊断实验室的MODY病例使用过“计算器”,并且使用“计算器”较未使用计算器的病例检出率更高。

负责这项研究的埃克塞特大学医学院Angus Jones博士表示,“糖尿病的正确诊断对其治疗和预后至关重要,不同类型糖尿病的治疗方案相去甚远。然而,在临床实践中,部分患者很难被明确诊断其糖尿病分型,”新计算器“可以帮助临床医生综合临床特征及生物标记物,以评估T1DM的可能性,并指导进行进一步的检测以明确诊断。”

在线计算器:

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    2020-06-29 feather89
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    2020-04-08 gaoxiaoe
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    2019-10-10 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的威廉亚洲官网

    0

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