ACS: 发达国家老年人群中肝癌发生率上升,预防策略需更有针对性

2020-03-25 ioncologyGI ioncologyGI

近期发表于Cancer上的一项研究结果显示,尽管采取了广泛的预防措施,但在世界许多地区,原发性肝癌的发病率仍在继续上升,且在老年男性中尤其明显。这似乎主要是由非酒精性脂肪性肝炎病例增加引起的。

近期发表于Cancer上的一项研究结果显示,尽管采取了广泛的预防措施,但在世界许多地区,原发性肝癌的发病率仍在继续上升,且在老年男性中尤其明显。这似乎主要是由非酒精性脂肪性肝炎病例增加引起的。

该研究由中国复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教授Zhenqiu Liu及其同事开展。这一发现表明,要预防这种情况,需要更多地强调肥胖控制和体重管理。此外,不同地区和人群之间的原发性肝癌发病率趋势和模式具有高度异质性,因此,需要更有针对性的预防策略。


研究概要


原发性肝癌——包括肝细胞癌和肝内胆管细胞癌——是全球第六大最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是导致癌症死亡的第四大原因。据估计,每年有84.1万新病例被诊断,每年有78.2万人死于该病。既往研究表明,原发性肝癌的发病率和主要病因在世界各地差异很大。

Liu及其同事利用2017年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2017)的数据,按照诊断年龄、性别、地区和病因,评估了1990~2017年原发性肝癌的发病率趋势。

研究人员发现,研究期间所确定的全球原发性肝癌病例的数量在年龄小于30岁的人群中是降低的(1990年和2017年病例数分别为17 381例和14 661例),而在30~59岁(1990年216 561例,2017年359 770例)、60岁及以上(1990年241 189例,2017年578 344例)年龄段的人群中是增加的。

 

除发达国家外,在大多数地区,年轻人中原发性肝癌发病率似乎是一致的下降,这可能主要是由于乙型肝炎病毒疫苗接种。而在发达国家,无论性别和年龄,原发性肝癌发病率都在增加。

研究人员认为,人口增长、老龄化、肥胖和糖尿病的流行可能是导致60岁以上人群中原发性肝癌增加的原因。而滞后效应”——相当一部分人在生命早期感染乙肝病毒,随着年龄的增长而发展成肝癌——也可能是原因之一。


原发性肝癌诊断时的年龄趋势


30岁以下年轻人中的诊断

无论在男性还是在女性中,其年龄标准化发病率均下降(男性:由0.74例/10万下降至0.52例/10万,估计的年度百分比变化[EAPC]=-2.63,95%CI:-3.2~-2.06;女性:由0.42例/10万下降至0.25例/10万,EAPC=-2.62,95%CI:-2.98~-2.25)。

然而,在北美,年龄调整的发病率显著增加,在男性中,由0.13例/10万增加0.29例/10万,EAPC=2.89,95%CI:2.45~3.33;在女性中,由0.1例/10万增加到0.21例/10万,EAPC=2.64,95%CI:2.24~3.04。年龄调整的发病率在大洋洲和西欧也有所增加。

在全球范围内,年龄标准化发病率下降最显著的是乙型肝炎导致的肝癌,其次是其他原因导致的肝癌和丙型肝炎导致的肝癌。

在北美的高收入地区,年龄标准化的发病率在所有五种原发性肝癌病因中都有所上升,其中非酒精性脂肪性肝炎导致的肝癌发病率上升最为明显。

30~59岁人群中的诊断

全球男性的年龄标准化发病率下降。在男性中,由20.48例/10万降低至20.04例/10万,EAPC=-0.49,95%CI:-0.65~-0.33;在女性中,由6.88例/10万下降至5.01/10万,EAPC=-1.52,95%CI:-1.69~-1.35。探究原因,这种下降主要归因于男性和女性中乙型肝炎导致的肝癌的减少。

然而,研究人员报告称,在大洋洲、高收入的北美、西欧和东南亚,年龄标准化发病率显著上升。在北美,年龄标准化发病率在男性和女性中均上升(男性:由3.59例/10万上升至9.97例/10万,EAPC=4.19,95%CI:3.57~4.82;女性:由1.49例/10万上升至3.08例/10万,EAPC=2.81,95%CI:2.6~3.03)。在北美,这种增长主要是由丙型肝炎引起的肝癌引起的。

60岁及以上的老年人中的诊断

研究期间,肝癌年龄标准化发病率在男性中上升(从每10万人中68.27例上升到86.91例,EAPC=0.64,95%CI:0.52~0.75),但在女性中保持稳定(EAPC=-0.06,95%CI:-0.14~0.03)。

在澳大利亚、北美高收入地区、西欧、中亚和西南亚这五个地区,肝癌发病率呈“显著增长趋势”。在北美,男性的年龄标准化发病率由23.65例/10万增加至50.4例/10万,EAPC=2.73,95%CI:2.58~2.88;女性中,年龄标准化发病率由10.44例/10万增加至18.67/10万,EAPC=2.03,95%CI:1.88~2.19。

在世界范围内,这一年龄组中所有五种病因的年龄标准化发病率均显著增加,其中非酒精性脂肪性肝炎导致的肝癌发病率增加最为显著。在女性中,年龄标准化的发病率仅因非酒精性脂肪性肝炎而增加。

研究人员指出,由于肝炎的有效控制,尤其是在年轻人和中年人中的有效控制,高流行地区的原发性肝癌已经部分得到缓解。然而,在大多数发达国家和老年人口中出现了不利的趋势。因此,原发性肝癌的预防工作应该更多地关注非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和老年患者。

原始出处:
Zhenqiu Liu MD, et al. Global incidence trends in primary liver cancer by age at diagnosis, sex, region, and etiology, 1990‐2017. ACS. First published: 23 March 2020

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    2020-08-29 howi
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    2020-03-27 yaanren
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    2020-03-25 留走人康

    肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负

    0

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