Schizophr Bull:如何用生物标记物介导精神分裂症治疗?

2017-12-04 佚名 大话精神

所有FDA批准的治疗精神分裂症的抗精神病药都拮抗多巴胺D2受体,因此需要找到新型精神分裂症治疗靶点。最近研究表明,氧化应激,特别是谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统的缺陷,在精神分裂症的病理生理中起作用。

精神分裂症中的氧化应激

所有FDA批准的治疗精神分裂症的抗精神病药都拮抗多巴胺D2受体,因此需要找到新型精神分裂症治疗靶点。最近研究表明,氧化应激,特别是谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统的缺陷,在精神分裂症的病理生理中起作用。

N-乙酰半胱氨酸

两项随机对照试验(RCTs)发现辅助N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)(一种抗氧化剂和GSH前体)可以改善精神分裂症症状,特别是阴性症状。来自发育性精神分裂症啮齿动物模型的证据表明,氧化应激的不利影响可能发生在疾病的早期阶段。Conus及其同事在早期精神病患者中进行了NAC辅助治疗。

研究目的

本研究的目的是确定NAC辅助治疗对以下几方面的效果:

•早期精神病的阴性症状;

•早期精神病的阳性症状和认知症状;

•大脑GSH参数,以及对NAC的反应是否与外周血GSH相关生物标志物有关。

研究方法

•作者在2009-2014年间进行了一项为期6个月的双盲安慰剂双中心随机对照试验,分析NAC与安慰剂对早期精神病的作用;

•纳入标准为年龄18-40岁,诊断为精神障碍的人群(基于危险精神状态综合评估量表),<12个月的精神病治疗,以及足够的临床稳定性;

•受试者按1:1随机分为2700 mg/d的NAC组(1800 mg qAM+900 mg qPM)或安慰剂组,疗程为6个月;

•每月观察受试者,共6个月,然后停药后1个月再次观察,评估精神病理学、认知功能、社会心理功能和药物不良反应;

•在研究期间的多个时间点使用1H-MRS测量血液GSH系统标记物和脑内侧前额叶皮层GSH水平。

研究结果

•302名患者被筛查,63名被随机分配至NAC组(32名)和安慰剂组(31名);

•在基线临床和人口学特征方面,没有显著的组间差异;

•受试者平均年龄为25岁,77%为男性,大部分受试者为高加索人;

•精神病理学或功能结果的变化在组间没有显著差异;

•NAC改善了认知处理速度(口头流利和制作测试);

•在NAC治疗患者中,改善的认知处理速度与阴性症状减少相关;

•NAC治疗后,血液GSH水平平均增加19%,内侧前额叶GSH水平平均增加23%;

•高基线血GSH过氧化物酶活性是NAC治疗降低PANSS阳性亚量表评分的预测因子;

•NAC治疗没有显著的不良反应。

结论

作者的结论是,早期精神病患者:

•标准治疗中添加NAC不能改善症状或功能;

•口服NAC增加脑GSH水平,并能改善认知(处理速度);

•外周血GSH过氧化物酶可鉴定NAC是否对阳性症状有反应;

•使用NAC可改善氧化应激/氧化还原状态的外周血标记物;

•这些外周血标记物还可以鉴定哪些亚组患者能受益于NAC;

•这一发现在生物标志物指导精神疾病治疗上迈出了重要一步。

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    2018-10-28 wjywjy
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