JAMA:褪黑激素分泌减少增加II型糖尿病风险

2013-04-04 Eurekalert!中文版 Eurekalert!中文版

据4月3日发表的《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上的一则研究披露,先前有证据表明褪黑激素可能在葡萄糖代谢中起着某种作用,研究人员在褪黑激素分泌减少与II型糖尿病发生风险增加之间发现了一种独立的相关性。  人体褪黑激素分泌部位——大脑中松果体 根据文章的背景资料:“褪黑激素受体被发现遍布于身体的的许多组织之中,其中也包括胰岛细胞,这反映了褪黑激素对诸如能量代谢及体重调节等生理功能有着

据4月3日发表的《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上的一则研究披露,先前有证据表明褪黑激素可能在葡萄糖代谢中起着某种作用,研究人员在褪黑激素分泌减少与II型糖尿病发生风险增加之间发现了一种独立的相关性。

 人体褪黑激素分泌部位——大脑中松果体

根据文章的背景资料:“褪黑激素受体被发现遍布于身体的的许多组织之中,其中也包括胰岛细胞,这反映了褪黑激素对诸如能量代谢及体重调节等生理功能有着广泛的影响。褪黑激素受体功能丧失的突变与胰岛素抵抗和II型糖尿病有关。此外,一项对非糖尿病患者所做的横断面分析显示,在夜间分泌较低的褪黑激素与胰岛素抵抗的增加有关。”在褪黑激素分泌与II型糖尿病之间的前瞻性关联在过去还没有被报告过。

波士顿布里格姆与妇女医院的Ciaran J. McMullan, M.D.及其同事开展了一项研究,旨在调查褪黑激素分泌与II型糖尿病发病率之间的关系。这一分析是由护士健康研究组群中的病例-对照研究构成的。在没有糖尿病的参与者中——他们是在2000年时提供了基线状态的尿及血液样本——研究人员确认了在2000-2012年间发生II型糖尿病的370名妇女以及与其匹配的370名对照人员。用于确定基线褪黑激素分泌与II型糖尿病发病率之间相关性的统计分析包括对人口统计特征、生活方式习惯、睡眠质量检测结果、以及炎症和内皮功能障碍的生物标志进行限定。

在研究的参与者中,其褪黑激素的分泌有着很大的差异;尿液6-羟基硫酸褪黑激素与肌酐比率的中位数(中点)在最高部类中为67.0 ng/mg,而在最低部类中,这一数字为14.4 ng/mg。在对照参与者中的该中位数比率(36.3 ng/mg)要显著高于病例参与者中的该比率(28.2 ng/mg)。尿液6-羟基硫酸褪黑激素与肌酐比率较高的妇女有着较高的胰岛素敏感性。

研究人员发现,在对身体质量指数及其它的生活方式因素、绝经状态、糖尿病家族史、高血压史、、使用β-阻滞剂或者使用非类固醇类消炎药、住在美国的区域、糖尿病风险的血浆生物标志进行限定之后,与尿液6-羟基硫酸褪黑激素与肌酐比率最高部类的参与者相比,尿液6-羟基硫酸褪黑激素与肌酐比率最低部类的参与者发生II型糖尿病的几率会增加2.2倍。

褪黑激素分泌最低部类妇女的估计糖尿病发病率是那些在最高部类中妇女的估计糖尿病发病率的两倍以上(按病例/1000人年进行计算)。

文章的作者得出结论:“从这些数据结合以往的文献来假定褪黑激素分泌的减少是否对于糖尿病风险具有某种因果性的作用是令人感兴趣的。人们需要做进一步的研究来确定褪黑激素水平的增加(通过延长夜间黑暗接触时间而增加内源性的褪黑激素水平或通过补充剂而外源性地增加褪黑激素水平)是否能增加胰岛素的敏感性并降低II型糖尿病的发病率。”

doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2710

PMC:
PMID:

Melatonin Secretion and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

Ciaran J-McMullan, Eva S-Schernhammer, Eric B-Rimm, Frank B-Hu, John P-Forman.

Importance: Loss-of-function mutations in the melatonin receptor are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, in a cross-sectional analysis of persons without diabetes, lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance.
Objective:To study the association between melatonin secretion and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Among participants without diabetes who provided urine and blood samples at baseline in 2000, we identified 370 women who developed type 2 diabetes from 2000-2012 and matched 370 controls using risk-set sampling.
Main Outcome Measures: Associations between melatonin secretion at baseline and incidence of type 2 diabetes were evaluated with multivariable conditional logistic regression controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, measures of sleep quality, and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Results: The median urinary ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine were 28.2 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 5.5-84.2 ng/mg) among cases and 36.3 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 6.9-110.8 ng/mg) among controls. Women with lower ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine had increased risk of diabetes (multivariable odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11-1.98] per unit decrease in the estimated log ratio of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine). Compared with women in the highest ratio category of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine, those in the lowest category had a multivariable odds ratio of 2.17 (95% CI, 1.18-3.98) of developing type 2 diabetes. Women in the highest category of melatonin secretion had an estimated diabetes incidence rate of 4.27 cases/1000 person-years compared with 9.27 cases/1000 person-years in the lowest category.
Conclusions and Relevance: Lower melatonin secretion was independently associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Further research is warranted to assess if melatonin secretion is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes within the general population.

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    2014-01-05 gwc392
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