柳叶刀子刊:学历越高,感染越多!中国是时候根除幽门螺杆菌了

2021-12-10 williamhill asia 医学 MedSci原创

胃癌是我国最常见的消化道肿瘤之一,幽门螺杆菌感染都是中国人群胃癌的巨大风险因素。

胃癌是我国最常见的消化道肿瘤之一,全球约有一半的胃癌病例发生在中国。根据国家癌症中心的数据,2015年我国胃癌的发病率在所有恶性肿瘤中排名第二,新增67.91万例,死亡49.8万例

 

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图源:pixabay.com

 

幽门螺杆菌感染是我国胃癌的主要原因。一半以上的中国人都感染幽门螺杆菌,即使在20岁以下的人群中,感染率仍高达37.1%。尽管过去30年来中国在幽门螺杆菌的检测和治疗方面取得了许多进步,但与发达国家相比,我国的感染率依然很高。

早在1994年,世界卫生组织就幽门螺杆菌定义为I类致癌物。但其实,科学家早就发现,幽门螺杆菌感染的高发并不一定等同于胃癌的高发。例如,非洲一些地区的幽门螺杆菌感染率高,但胃癌的发病率却相对较低。

 

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图源:www.163.com

 

另外,更多的研究发现幽门螺杆菌主要与非贲门胃癌密切相关,而与贲门癌的联系争议较大。在欧洲、美国和澳大利亚人群中进行的大多数研究称,幽门螺杆菌感染甚至与贲门癌的风险降低有关。

即便在亚洲人群里,幽门螺杆菌感染与贲门癌的联系也似乎比非贲门胃癌低。另一方面,幽门螺杆菌感染究竟会增加多少的胃癌风险也众说纷纭,不同研究所得数据差距很大,相对风险估计值最多相差20多倍。

明确感染与风险之间的联系,对评估医疗成本收益比非常重要。因为中国人口量巨大,根除幽门螺杆菌需要消耗大量的医疗资源,巨大的医疗投入究竟能带来多少的健康收益对政策制定至关重要。

 

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来源:网络

 

而目前,中国大陆只有4项前瞻性研究检验了幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌的关联,且均没有使用最先进的免疫印迹分析法来评估感染率,导致我国人群幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌风险的联系一直缺乏高可信度的数据。

 

本月,柳叶刀子刊公布了一项针对中国人群的胃癌研究,发现学历越高的人群幽门螺杆菌感染率也更高,整体上感染会导致中国人的非贲门胃癌风险升高近6倍,贲门癌风险升高约3倍

这项研究使用的是中国嘉道理生物库的样本,研究人员使用灵敏的免疫印迹分析法对储存的样本血浆进行幽门螺杆菌生物标志物检测,以此为感染与否的标准。

 

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doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00164-X.

 

在随访10年之后,整个队列的非贲门胃癌发病率为57·6/10万人年,贲门癌的发病率为10.5/10万人年,两者都随着年龄的增长而增加,男性发病率大约是女性的3倍。

非贲门胃癌患者的幽门螺杆菌感染率为94·4%,贲门癌是92·2%,普通人群是75 ·6%。一个有趣的发现是,城市人口或受过高等教育的人群中幽门螺杆菌感染率更高,且与性别和年龄无关

另外,整体来看,幽门螺杆菌感染与非贲门胃癌风险升高5.94倍,贲门癌风险升高3.06倍相关,而且与性别无关。

 

图片

doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00164-X.

 

之后,研究人员将幽门螺杆菌感染的检测从免疫印迹分析法改为现行的临床方法,发现感染率呈现下降趋势,这也说明免疫印迹分析法的灵敏度更高。

具体来看,更改后非贲门胃癌患者的幽门螺杆菌阳性率为84%,贲门癌是80%,普通人群是58%。风险比分别是4.68倍(非贲门胃癌)和2.36倍(贲门癌)。

作者表示,这项研究说明无论是非贲门胃癌还是贲门癌,幽门螺杆菌感染都是中国人群胃癌的巨大风险因素。它显示在国人中,大约80%的非贲门胃癌和超过60%的贲门癌都是幽门螺杆菌感染所致。

 

图片

doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00164-X.

 

在明确幽门螺杆菌与中国人胃癌的关系之后,需要做的就是制订相关的医疗政策。但是迄今为止,还没有针对幽门螺杆菌的预防性或治疗性疫苗。此外,中国尚未将幽门螺杆菌筛查、治疗和根除纳入国家癌症一级预防计划。

这项研究表明,应考虑将幽门螺杆菌大规模筛查和根除作为预防胃癌的关键策略在中国施行,因为数据显示这会带来巨大的健康收益。

今年我国发布的专家共识也指出,建议对家庭中所有的成年幽门螺杆菌感染者给予根除治疗。因为家庭内传播是儿童感染幽门螺杆菌的主要途径,而多数幽门螺杆菌的感染发生在儿童和青少年时期,12岁儿童的感染水平就已接近成人。

 

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doi:  10.3760/cma.j.cn311367-20210219-00108.

 

根除幽门螺杆菌是一项艰巨漫长的任务。除了提倡公筷公勺等健康饮食习惯,提高基层医疗水平和筛查投入是最关键的举措。国内学术界对此已经形成了比较明确的认识,期待这些学术共识能尽早地写入相关政策之中。

 

参考资料:

1、Ling Yang, et al. The relative and attributable risks of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in China: a case-cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(12):e888-e896. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00164-X.
2、国家消化系疾病临床医学研究中心(上海), 等. 中国居民家庭幽门螺杆菌感染的防控和管理专家共识(2021年). 中华消化杂志, 2021, 41(4): 221-233.  doi:  10.3760/cma.j.cn311367-20210219-00108.

 

撰文 | GBJ

编辑 | Swagpp

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    2022-06-04 风铃830
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683728, encodeId=2aab1683e28dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2fc6228167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根除#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62281, encryptionId=c2fc6228167, topicName=根除)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=07d627990740, createdName=风铃830, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 07:21:09 CST 2022, time=2022-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237752, encodeId=836b123e75266, content=益生菌到底有没有用?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210904/1ac509b02e474a62b04821218d545591/41999e8f8740491a9831ef637a726745.jpg, createdBy=6c8a5450541, createdName=ms8000000374682656, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 07:08:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811869, encodeId=04021811869ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Fri Jan 14 11:21:09 CST 2022, time=2022-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078702, encodeId=716510e870205, content=为什么跟学历有关系呢?倒是让我想起来我认识的女博士没有一个会做饭的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=3, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=970d4676167, createdName=weizi75, createdTime=Fri Dec 10 10:37:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082558, encodeId=24d9108255829, content=根除<a href='/topic/show?id=2c8349102b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#幽门螺杆菌#</a>,会不会导致<a href='/topic/show?id=188d3e76436' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#反流性食管炎#</a>的增加?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49102, encryptionId=2c8349102b0, topicName=幽门螺杆菌), TopicDto(id=37764, encryptionId=188d3e76436, topicName=反流性食管炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 14:06:19 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-10 ms8000000374682656

    益生菌到底有没有用?

    0

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    2022-01-14 kcb069
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    2021-12-10 weizi75

    为什么跟学历有关系呢?倒是让我想起来我认识的女博士没有一个会做饭的。

    3

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1683728, encodeId=2aab1683e28dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2fc6228167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根除#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62281, encryptionId=c2fc6228167, topicName=根除)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=07d627990740, createdName=风铃830, createdTime=Sat Jun 04 07:21:09 CST 2022, time=2022-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237752, encodeId=836b123e75266, content=益生菌到底有没有用?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210904/1ac509b02e474a62b04821218d545591/41999e8f8740491a9831ef637a726745.jpg, createdBy=6c8a5450541, createdName=ms8000000374682656, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 07:08:36 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811869, encodeId=04021811869ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Fri Jan 14 11:21:09 CST 2022, time=2022-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1078702, encodeId=716510e870205, content=为什么跟学历有关系呢?倒是让我想起来我认识的女博士没有一个会做饭的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=3, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=970d4676167, createdName=weizi75, createdTime=Fri Dec 10 10:37:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082558, encodeId=24d9108255829, content=根除<a href='/topic/show?id=2c8349102b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#幽门螺杆菌#</a>,会不会导致<a href='/topic/show?id=188d3e76436' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#反流性食管炎#</a>的增加?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49102, encryptionId=2c8349102b0, topicName=幽门螺杆菌), TopicDto(id=37764, encryptionId=188d3e76436, topicName=反流性食管炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 14:06:19 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-21 病毒猎手

    根除#幽门螺杆菌#,会不会导致#反流性食管炎#的增加?

    0

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