Diabetes:抑制SGLT2可增加空腹胰高血糖素,但不能恢复1型糖尿病患者对低血糖的逆向调节激素反应

2021-12-10 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

治疗糖尿病虽有多种传统药物如二甲双胍、磺脲和非磺脲类胰岛素促泌剂、噻唑烷二酮类、胰岛素等可供选择,但多数患者血糖仍未达标。

治疗糖尿病虽有多种传统药物如二甲双胍、磺脲和非磺脲类胰岛素促泌剂、噻唑烷二酮类、α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂、胰岛素等可供选择,但多数患者血糖仍未达标。近十多年研发的肠促胰素为基础的治疗,包括胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)激动剂和二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂陆续上市,为糖尿病的控制达标添了新的手段。但上述药物除糖苷酶抑制剂外,多是依赖胰岛素发挥作用的,随着病程的进展,胰岛β细胞功能的衰减,目前治疗手段仍然不能满足虑者的需求。钠-葡萄糖协同转运体( sodium- glucose cotransporter2,SGLT2)抑制剂不同于上述降血糖药物,其作用不依赖胰岛素,而是通过抑制近曲賢小管葡萄糖的重吸收而使葡糖从尿液排出,从而降低血糖水平。SGLT2抑制剂是新一类糖尿病治疗药物,除降糖作用外,还能成少体重,降低血压,具有广调的应用前景。1型糖尿病患者胰高血糖素对低血糖的反调节反应受损。钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白(SGLT)抑制剂增加胰高血糖素浓度。williamhill asia 评估了抑制SGLT是否恢复了胰高血糖素反调节激素对低血糖的反应。

方法:在一项随机、双盲、交叉研究中,共纳入了22例成年1型糖尿病患者,试验期结束后,参与者以1:1的双盲方式随机接受达格列净每日5mg或安慰剂,为期4周(治疗A)。在治疗A结束时,参与者完成了阶段性血糖正常-低血糖钳夹试验,然后进入为期四周的洗脱期,在此期间他们没有服用研究药物。在洗脱期结束时,参与者进入B组接受安慰剂(如果他们在A组期间接受达格列净)或达格列净5mg(如果他们在A组期间接受安慰剂)。在B组结束时,参与者接受第二次低血糖钳夹试验。

图1 试验流程图

结果:服用达格列净后,基础胰高血糖素浓度比安慰剂高32%,受试者内部的中位数差异为2.75pg/mL(95%可信区间为1.38-12.6)。然而,基础胰高血糖素水平的升高与低血糖发生率的降低没有相关性,因此在避免低血糖方面似乎没有保护作用。在降糖钳夹期间,抑制SGLT2不会改变反向调节激素浓度、低血糖恢复时间、低血糖症状或认知功能。

A) 达格列净(蓝色)与安慰剂(红色)血浆葡萄糖浓度从钳夹的低血糖水平上升到≥70 mg/dL所需时间的差异。中值在每一列中都有注释,并由工具条表示。点描述每个参与者的个体值。由Wilcoxon匹配对符号秩检验确定的p值显示在上面的括号中。B)低血糖恢复时间的参与者内差异(安慰剂减去达格列净)。黑色竖线表示整个研究队列的中位数差异。

低血糖时反调节激素反应亚组分析。亚组按入组前立即发生低血糖的CGM百分比时间(即CGM葡萄糖< 70 mg/dL)分列。行按感兴趣的参数排列:入组前立即发生低血糖的时间百分比(A-C),每次干预期间发生低血糖的时间百分比(D-F),参与者内差异(安慰剂减去达格列净)发生低血糖的时间百分比(G-I),低血糖钳位研究(JL)中动脉化血浆胰高血糖素浓度,干预组间曲线下胰高血糖素面积(AUC)的参与者内差异(M-O),低血糖钳夹研究中动脉化血浆肾上腺素浓度(P-R),干预组间肾上腺素AUC的参与者内差异(S-U)。数据汇总为J-L和P-R的中位数和95%置信区间。黑色竖线表示整个研究队列在G-I、M-O和S-U中的中位数差异。

A)在高胰岛素血症性低血糖钳夹试验中,使用4周安慰剂(红色方块)或达格列净 (dapa,蓝色圆圈)的交叉研究。数据汇总为中位数和95%置信区间。

结论:因此,尽管提高了基础胰高血糖素浓度,SGLT抑制剂治疗并没有恢复低血糖时受损的胰高血糖素反应。临床低血糖发生次数减少是糖尿病治疗改变的结果(例如,减少胰岛素剂量或改善血糖变异性),而不是这些药物对α细胞功能的直接影响。

原文出处:

Boeder SC,  Gregory JM,  Giovannetti ER,  Pettus JH,SGLT2 Inhibition Increases Fasting Glucagon but Does Not Restore the Counterregulatory Hormone Response to Hypoglycemia in Participants with Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes 2021 Dec 02

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time=2021-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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time=2021-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=935fe6718e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76718, encryptionId=935fe6718e3, topicName=糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a38f7243741, createdName=xue8604, createdTime=Thu Dec 09 14:54:23 CST 2021, time=2021-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503820, encodeId=369c150382015, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60b916226e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16226, encryptionId=60b916226e1, topicName=SGLT2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3afa9693555, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Thu Dec 09 14:54:23 CST 2021, time=2021-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-20 tulenzi
  6. 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time=2021-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-09 hbwxf
  7. 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    2021-12-09 jiekemin

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