聚焦降压根本,全因死亡获益才是硬道理

2018-11-09 吴海英(中国医学科学院阜外医院 ) 中国医学论坛报今日循环

随着降压药物和治疗理念的不断发展和优化,高血压患者的预后不断得到改善,长期接受威廉亚洲博彩公司 推荐的降压药物治疗可有效降低心血管死亡风险。然而在科研和临床实践中,患者的直接死亡原因有时难以精确判断和归类,而药物也可能存在一些潜在的非心血管效应。


吴海英

随着降压药物和治疗理念的不断发展和优化,高血压患者的预后不断得到改善,长期接受威廉亚洲博彩公司 推荐的降压药物治疗可有效降低血管死亡风险。然而在科研临床实践中,患者的直接死亡原因有时难以精确判断和归类,而药物也可能存在一些潜在的非血管效应。因此,在高血压领域的大型研究中,会纳入全因死亡作为验证药物远期预后的重要终点,因其能够反映药物心血管和非心血管方面的全面获益,是检验降压药物改善预后的“金标准”,任何降压治疗的获益均应考虑全因死亡风险的降低。

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEi)自上世纪70年代问世以来,在临床中广泛使用,几十年循证积累奠定了其在降压治疗的基石地位。ASCOT、ADVANCE、HYVET等大型里程碑式研究均证实其降低全因死亡风险的获益,含培哚普利的降压方案在上述研究中分别降低全因死亡风险11%、14%和21%。ESC年会最新公布的ASCOT研究长达16年的随访(ASCOT Legacy研究)显示,尽管主研究结束后所有受试者停止随机化期间的干预方案,返回自然状态的诊疗,长期随访仍可见早期接受含培哚普利的降压方案显着降低卒中死亡风险29%。类似的,早前公布的ADVANCE研究长达10年的随访(ADVANCE-ON研究)显示,主研究结束后停止随机化期间干预方案,长期随访仍可见早期接受含培哚普利的降压方案显着降低全因死亡风险9%。此外,在冠心病领域具有里程碑意义的EUROPA研究亦显示,培哚普利可降低全因死亡风险11%。

同时,诸多高质量荟萃分析亦证实了ACEi在全因死亡方面的确凿获益。2006年发表于Circulation的荟萃分析显示ACEi可显着降低全因死亡风险9%,而ARB未见类似获益。近年来,van Vark LC、Cheng J、Savarese G等分别发表在Eur Heart J、JAMA Intern Med、J Am Coll Cardiol等杂志上的荟萃分析显示,在高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等患者中,ACEi均可显着降低全因死亡风险,而ARB未见类似获益,且在部分研究中可见ARB组个别事件风险有升高的趋势。

近期BMJ发表研究称ACEi可能增加肺癌风险,引起学界关注,但该回顾性分析有其固有局限,例如人群分组非随机、肺癌高危因素基线差异明显且校正不足,恐难客观真实反映其相关性,需持审慎态度看待。正如BMJ对该研究的同期述评指出,“任何对ACEi额外风险的顾虑,必须建立在对ACEi降低全因死亡风险确凿获益的权衡之后”。ACEi在高血压的药物治疗中具有基石地位,降低全因死亡风险的循证证据充分,在心血管和非心血管方面的整体获益明确,对当今高血压患者具有不可替代的价值。

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    2018-11-10 红色

    嗯嗯

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    2018-11-10 红色

    棒棒

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    2018-11-09 红色

    嗯嗯

    0

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    2018-11-09 183****7028

    学习

    0

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