腰椎椎体骨折手术后并发格林巴利综合征1例

2018-03-07 佚名 实用骨科杂志

47岁男性患者

【一般资料】

47岁男性患者

【主诉】

因高处坠落致腰部疼痛、活动受限5H入院。

【体格检查】

平卧位,脉搏78次/min,呼吸18次/min,血压112/78mm Hg,神志清楚,心、肺、腹查体无特殊,腰椎生理曲度变直,未见明显后凸畸形,皮肤无破溃,L3椎体棘突压痛明显,叩击痛阳性,无伴双下肢放射痛,腰椎主被动活动受限,双下肢感觉存在,肌力5级,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出,无大小便障碍。

【既往史】

入院近期无腹泻、胃肠不适、感冒、发热病史。

【辅助检查】

【初步诊断

结合影像学检查诊断为L3椎体爆裂性骨折。

【治疗】

术前检查未见手术禁忌证,入院后第3天在全身麻醉下行L3椎体骨折后路切开复位钉棒系统内固定术,术中采用体位复位,未行椎管减压,术中出血约100mL,术后留置引流管通畅引流36H拔除,术后双下肢肌力、感觉较术前未见异常,伤口干燥,无红肿渗出,复查X线片及CT提示椎体高度复位良好,椎管狭窄较前改善,钉道位置良好。手术后第2天开始,患者出现间断低热,呈现为不规则热,无畏寒,体温最高37.8℃,感咽喉不适,有痰难于咳出,考虑上呼吸道感染,予超声雾化吸入盐酸氨溴酸、冲服三九感冒灵冲剂等对症处理后症状好转,术后第3天开始有佩戴胸腰支具下地少量活动,术后第5天开始出现四肢麻木无力,双下肢较双上肢重,肌力减退逐渐加重。查体:呼吸平稳,双手握持力约3级,双下肢肌力下降至1级,四肢呈对称性,腱反射明显减弱,四肢深浅感觉存在。查血常规示:WBC 10.89×109/L、NEU 7.11×109/L、HGB 134g/L、PLT 367×109/L,ESR 25mm/H,PCT 0.035ng/mL,CRP 37mg/L。查颈椎及头颅MRI未见明显异常,腰椎MRI未见明显血肿压迫,故排除颅脑及颈髓病变、椎管迟发血肿压迫。予请神经内科会诊,床边腰椎穿刺查脑脊液:淡黄色,透明,Pandy实验弱阳性,WBC 3×106/L,红细胞未见,蛋白定量545.1mg/L,氯116.4mmol/L,葡萄糖3.65mmol/L,IgGC 72.30mg/L、IgAC 7.81mg/L、Ig-MC 1.79mg/L,脑脊液涂片未找到隐球菌、未找到抗酸杆菌,结合临床症状及检查,诊断为格林巴利综合征。转神经内科进一步治疗,给予每日静脉滴注丙种球蛋白25g冲击治疗5d,甲泼尼龙1 000mg冲击,逐日减半至口服醋酸泼尼松片20mg维持1个月减量停用,并营养神经、针灸等治疗,治疗1周后四肢肌力开始恢复,3周后双上肢肌力恢复到4级,双下肢肌力3-级,临床好转出院。术后3个月返院复查,双上肢肌力4+级,双下肢肌力4级,无大小便障碍,无感觉异常。

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    2018-09-17 丁鹏鹏
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    2018-03-09 dingxiaobo
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