ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY:液体活检RAS可指导mCRC一线抗EGFR治疗

2017-08-10 月下荷花 肿瘤威廉亚洲官网

目前没有数据能证实血浆RAS和mCRC结果具有相关性,现有血浆RAS检测仅限于二、三线抗EGFR治疗。意大利的Normanno教授在ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY杂志发文,评估mCRC时液体RAS结果在一线抗EGFR治疗中的价值,结果显示一线抗EGFR单抗治疗mCRC时,液体RAS检测与组织RAS检测的结果相似。

目前没有数据能证实血浆RAS和mCRC结果具有相关性,现有血浆RAS检测仅限于二、三线抗EGFR治疗。意大利的Normanno教授在ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY杂志发文,评估mCRC时液体RAS结果在一线抗EGFR治疗中的价值,结果显示一线抗EGFR单抗治疗mCRC时,液体RAS检测与组织RAS检测的结果相似。

采用液体活检可进行肿瘤分子特征检查,其中循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)分析唯一用于临床实践,ctDNA可检测与靶向药物相关的遗传学改变。ctDNA通常是无细胞DNA(cfDNA)的小组分,可从癌症患者血浆中分离。cfDNA会被正常分裂细胞的DNA稀释,因此要求敏感性高的技术进行cfDNA检查,避免假阴性结果,尤其是mCRC的KRAS和NRAS检查。

很多研究认为采用BEAMing技术,通过cfDNA评估RAS突变状态是可行的。OncoBEAM RAS CRC分析能检测KRAS和NRAS外显子2、3、4的34个突变,覆盖了mCRC最常见的RAS突变。液体活检在如下方面优于组织检查:低侵袭性、快速,相较小块肿瘤组织能提供更多疾病的分子特征。不过目前组织检测mCRC RAS仍是金标准。

CAPRI-GOIM研究中340例KRAS外显子2野生型mCRC接受一线FOLFIRI+西妥昔单抗治疗,92例具有NGS肿瘤和基线血浆标本数据,NGS分析和BEAMing鉴定33/92例RAS突变(35.9%),10例组织RAS突变、血浆野生型,10例组织野生型、血浆突变,一致率78.3%。

组织RAS突变、血浆野生型10例中采用ddPCR发现2例血浆突变,组织野生型、血浆突变型10例中,ddPCR或深度测序证实肿瘤组织RAS突变频度为0.15%-1.15%。组织检查RAS突变和野生型的mPFS和mOS分别为7.9 、12.6和22.1、35.8个月,液体活检RAS突变和野生型的mPFS和mOS分别为7.8、13.8和19.9、35.8个月。

这项研究显示一线抗EGFR单抗治疗mCRC时,液体RAS检测与组织RAS检测的结果相似。以往研究显示cfDNA的RAS检测与抗EGFR治疗获益相关,不过研究中液体RAS检测的预测作用是抗EGFR治疗作为二线和三线时,而CAPRI-GOIM研究中患者接受的是一线抗EGFR治疗。研究中血浆和组织RAS检测的一致性低于以往报告,可能与这些研究中纳入的患者例数较少有关。

CAPRI-GOIM研究中有一组患者组织RAS突变,但液体RAS野生型。CAPRI-GOIM研究中患者多为切除后复发疾病,肿瘤负荷较低,转移灶多位于肺和淋巴结,这些特征均与低cfDNA相关,血浆RAS检测敏感性差。进一步分析显示该组患者的mPFS和mOS结果良好,分别为13.8和35.8个月,但解释时需谨慎,因为样本量小(10例)。液体活检阴性可能反应了较低的疾病侵袭性,有研究证实mCRC患者cfDNA较低时,预后优于cfDNA较高者,液体活检RAS突变频度≥0.1者较野生型或<0.1者结果更差。

另有10例患者组织RAS野生型,但液体RAS突变阳性,采用ddPCR或深度测序证实组织中均存在低频RAS突变,提示这些肿瘤中的RAS变体可能是亚克隆,有研究报道结肠癌存在亚克隆RAS突变,有争议的是导致抗EGFR抗体拮抗的肿瘤组织最低RAS水平究竟以多少为宜。Puig认为抗EGFR单抗治疗时,KRAS突变频度≤1%时结果同RAS野生型相似。CRYSTAL研究回顾性分析中采用BEAMing分析肿瘤组织的结果也支持RAS突变低频度患者可从抗EGFR治疗中获益,但分析中组织标本仅限于原发肿瘤。

有研究显示KRAS突变状态在原发和转移灶中不同,肝转移和原发CRC的不一致率5%,淋巴结和肺转移的不一致性更高。组织RAS野生、液体RAS突变的10例中有9例的原发肿瘤在招募入CAPRI-GOIM和抽血前已切除,所以这些患者的液体活检反应的是转移灶突变状态,而组织检查的是已切除的原发肿瘤。肿瘤组织RAS野生、液体RAS突变患者的mPFS 为8个月,与肿瘤组织RAS突变的mPFS相似。

总之这项研究显示RAS液体活检对选择可能获益于抗EGFR单抗治疗的患者是合适的工具,很多变量如肿瘤负荷、疾病异质性均可能影响血浆检查结果。目前液体活检仅限于无组织标本可供分子检查的患者,这项研究显示cfDNA检查可能是对组织分析的补充,事关患者分层,肿瘤组织RAS突变患者,液体活检可提供预后信息,原发肿瘤RAS野生和多处转移灶患者,液体活检能更好的区分疾病异质性,鉴别对抗EGFR治疗拮抗的患者。不过上述假说需要进一步研究证实。

评论:液体RAS检测的微创、快捷方便、可多次获取、动态实时分析等特点决定了其临床可操作性更强,更宜被患者接受,这项研究证实了一线抗EGFR治疗时,液体RAS与组织RAS较高的一致性,且二者可互为补充,为患者分层、指导治疗提供更充分的证据。

原始出处:

N. Normanno  R. Esposito Abate  M. Lambiase  L. Forgione  C. Cardone A. Iannaccone  A. Sacco  A. M. Rachiglio  E. Martinelli  D. Rizzi  ... Show more.RAS testing of liquid biopsy correlates with the outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in the CAPRI-GOIM trial.Annals of Oncology, mdx417, https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx417.Published: 07 August 2017

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    2018-03-17 yxch36
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    2017-08-24 minlingfeng
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    2017-08-12 smlt2008
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    2017-08-12 liuyiping

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