Clin Cancer Res :二甲双胍杀伤肿瘤细胞之前先改造“土壤”

2020-07-26 酶美 BioArt

研究表明糖尿病药物二甲双胍在杀伤病人肿瘤细胞之前,已对肿瘤免疫微环境进行重编程改造。在临床试验的基础上,通过食管癌小鼠模型进行了更详细的验证和延伸,并结合细胞实验对二甲双胍编程免疫微环境的机制进行探讨

肿瘤免疫学说的发展经历了百年沉浮,直到2018年免疫检查点抑制剂的问世,肿瘤治疗才真正进入免疫治疗时代。免疫检查点抑制剂药物的出现,为癌症的治疗带来了新的希望,但由于肿瘤异质性特别是肿瘤组织中的微环境等因素,不同肿瘤类型乃至同一肿瘤类型中的不同病人对免疫治疗的反应不同,导致治疗效果截然不同,研究显示目前免疫检查点抑制剂单药治疗的总有效率为10%-30%,尚有相当比例患者未能从中获益。如何提高肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效是目前肿瘤领域面临的重大挑战。已有研究开始尝试免疫治疗联合其它的肿瘤治疗方式(如化疗、放疗、抗肿瘤血管生成药物等)以改善免疫治疗的效果。现已发现某些化疗药具有免疫治疗的功效。但由于应用化疗药物特别是大剂量长期应用时产生较大的毒副作用,因此寻找毒副作用小并且又能改善免疫治疗效果的药物是目前亟待解决的重要问题。

食管鳞癌是我国高发的恶性肿瘤,全世界的食管癌患者一半在中国。食管鳞癌目前主要的治疗手段仍是以手术为主、辅之放疗和化疗, 2017年发表在Lancet Oncology的研究指出, PD-1单抗Nivolumab 用于食管鳞癌治疗的客观反应率(Object Response)为14%。暨南大学张灏团队2020年7月9日在美国癌症学会杂志Clinical Cancer Research上报告了世界上第一个应用二甲双胍治疗食管鳞癌的临床试验:Low-dose metformin reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment in human esophageal cancer: Results of a phase II clinical trial。该研究表明糖尿病药物二甲双胍在杀伤病人肿瘤细胞之前,已经对肿瘤免疫微环境进行了重编程改造。在临床试验的基础上,课题组通过食管癌小鼠模型进行了更详细的验证和延伸,并结合细胞实验对二甲双胍编程免疫微环境的机制进行了探讨。

研究团队在前期二甲双胍治疗食管鳞癌临床前研究的基础上,组织申报了临床试验,并开始募集食管鳞癌患者,在手术前对病人开展低剂量二甲双胍治疗。研究人员分析术后获取的肿瘤标本发现和安慰剂组相比,低剂量二甲双胍用药组的肿瘤组织并没有明显的形态学改变,以及细胞增殖和凋亡等变化。

研究人员进一步对肿瘤微环境中各种免疫细胞进行了系统的检查,通过应用多标记免疫荧光染色及多光谱成像技术,发现B细胞、T细胞和巨噬细胞发生了有趣的改变。研究人员对组织中免疫细胞浸润情况进行了综合评估,将食管鳞癌肿瘤免疫微环境分为三种不同状态,分别为激活状态肿瘤免疫微环境(Activated-TIME),平衡状态肿瘤免疫微环境(Equilibrium -TIME)以及抑制状态肿瘤免疫微环境(Suppressive-TIME)。经统计分析发现低剂量二甲双胍通过修饰食管鳞癌中肿瘤免疫微环境,使肿瘤免疫微环境激活,向抗肿瘤免疫的方向改变。

在此基础上,课题组建立了4NQO诱导的食管鳞癌小鼠模型,对上述临床试验结果进行了更深入的研究,发现低剂量二甲双胍先是改造了食管鳞癌的肿瘤免疫微环境,而随着治疗时间的延长进一步造成了肿瘤细胞生长和凋亡的变化。细胞实验表明低剂量二甲双胍使免疫细胞对食管鳞癌细胞的吞噬功能增强。机制研究发现二甲双胍改变了免疫细胞的细胞因子分泌谱,并引起的免疫细胞中AMPK升高和STAT3激活。该研究提示低剂量二甲双胍在安全用药的前提下,可修饰肿瘤免疫微环境使之更利于发挥包括PD-1/PD-L1单抗,CD47单抗等免疫检查点抑制剂效果,为临床开展二甲双胍联用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗提供了新的希望和可能。

原始出处:

Shuhong Wang 1, Yusheng Lin 1, Xiao Xiong 2, et al.Low-dose metformin reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment in human esophageal cancer: Results of a phase II clinical trial.Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jul 9;clincanres.0113.2020. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-0113.

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    2020-11-18 lovetcm

    #二甲双胍#用于#肿瘤#辅助治疗,也是#老药新用#

    0

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    2020-07-26 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

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    2020-07-26 lovetcm

    #二甲双胍#二甲双瓜应该可以辅助与肿瘤治疗。

    0

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