Nature:肠道中的脂肪传感器,刺激大脑并驱动对食物的欲望

2022-09-12 nagashi “生物世界”公众号

舌头并不是导致肥胖的罪魁祸首,如果williamhill asia 想控制对脂肪的偏爱,关键在于驱动这些渴望的、肠道和大脑之间的联系。

williamhill asia 生活在前所未有的时代,随着生活物质水平的提高,脂肪和糖类的过度消费正在导致肥胖和代谢紊乱的流行,并已然演变为一个全球性的健康问题。对此,williamhill asia 常常把肥胖的罪过归结于舌头——舌头可以感受“酸甜苦咸”,让williamhill asia 无法自制而胡吃海喝。

2022年9月7日,美国哥伦比亚大学祖克曼研究所的研究人员在 Nature 上发表题为:Gut-Brain Circuits for Fat Preference(偏好脂肪的肠道-大脑回路)的研究论文。

这项最新研究出人意料地表明,舌头并不是导致肥胖的罪魁祸首,如果williamhill asia 想控制对脂肪的偏爱,关键在于驱动这些渴望的、肠道和大脑之间的联系。

这种关于饮食选择和健康的新观点始于研究团队之前关于糖的工作。研究人员发现,葡萄糖激活了一个特定的肠-脑回路,相比之下,无热量的人造甜味剂(舌头可以感知)没有这种效果,这可能解释了为什么无糖苏打水常常无法令williamhill asia 满足。

由此看来,虽然肠道并不能像舌头那样可以感知“酸甜苦咸”等味道,但并不意味着它对食物毫无反应,相反,肠道可以与williamhill asia 的大脑“通话”,告诉它williamhill asia 想要什么,或者是williamhill asia 需要什么。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队进一步探究了肠道对膳食脂肪的反应:研究人员向小鼠提供了两瓶水,一个含有不会影响肠道的人造甜味剂,另一个含有溶解脂肪。他们发现,这些小鼠在几天内对脂肪水产生了强烈的偏好,即使对小鼠进行了基因改造,以消除它们用舌头品尝脂肪的能力,这些小鼠仍然保持了这种偏好。

换而言之,尽管这些基因改造小鼠尝不到脂肪的味道,但它们仍然在某种力量的驱使下继续食用脂肪。

小鼠在几天内对含脂肪水产生了强烈的偏好

基于此,研究人员推断,脂肪一定激活了特定的大脑回路,驱动动物对脂肪的行为反应。为了寻找这种回路,研究小组在给予小鼠脂肪时对其大脑活动进行测量。他们发现,小鼠脑干一个特定区域的神经元——孤束尾核(cNST),在进食脂肪时活跃起来。有趣的是,cNST也与实验室之前发现的糖偏好的神经基础有关。

小鼠的孤束尾核(cNST)在进食脂肪时活跃起来

进一步的研究指明了将信息传送到cNST的通信线路:当小鼠的肠道中有脂肪时,连接肠道和大脑的迷走神经中的神经元会被激活,并将讯息由肠道传递到大脑。不仅如此,研究人员还发现,肠道内壁的两组内皮细胞可以感受脂肪并向迷走神经细胞发送信号。

该研究的第一作者 Mengtong Li 博士表示:在肠道中,有一组细胞是必需营养物质的一般传感器,它们不仅对脂肪有反应,对糖和氨基酸也有反应;但另一组只对脂肪有反应,这可能有助于大脑将脂肪与肠道中的其他物质区分开来。

两组肠道内皮细胞可以感受脂肪并向迷走神经细胞发送信号

更重要的是,这些发现将有助于减肥药物的开发。研究团队使用药物阻断了这些细胞的活动,关闭这两组细胞发出的信号可以阻止迷走神经细胞对肠道中的脂肪做出反应。此外,通过基因编辑技术使迷走神经细胞或cNST中的神经元失去活性,小鼠将失去对脂肪的食欲。

敲除特定基因阻断脑肠轴,小鼠将失去对脂肪的食欲

总而言之,这项 Nature 最新研究让williamhill asia 对驱使人类和动物渴望脂肪的分子和细胞机制有了更深入的了解。从肠道到大脑的每一个生物步骤,对脂肪反应都是至关重要的,通过干预这些生物步骤,或许能帮助williamhill asia 找到对抗肥胖的全新方法。

原始出处:

Li, M., Tan, HE., Lu, Z. et al. Gut-Brain Circuits for Fat Preference. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05266-z.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1886031, encodeId=c7ef18860319e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed May 10 20:23:25 CST 2023, time=2023-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2127932, encodeId=2999212e93245, content=已经认认真真学习了啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55488636654, createdName=ms5000000159272953, createdTime=Sun Apr 23 23:15:11 CST 2023, time=2023-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2126920, encodeId=4e5b21269204e, content=已经认识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55488636654, createdName=ms5000000159272953, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 23:34:55 CST 2023, time=2023-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2119873, encodeId=d0e621198e312, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epNYethSTOFuykh7ZwkiarNrrfdU8aOH960q22fkgBuibicxbKg0GfawHxZLSVX3VqEdcVBxeWdKSrkQ/132, createdBy=264d1463289, createdName=ysb-1971, createdTime=Thu Mar 16 08:25:11 CST 2023, time=2023-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=福建省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416946, encodeId=3f68141694628, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 08:23:25 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1493707, encodeId=e8df1493e075e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e3a72586595' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传感器#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25865, encryptionId=e3a72586595, topicName=传感器)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06f59086560, createdName=mjldent, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 08:23:25 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-04-23 ms5000000159272953 来自广东省

    已经认认真真学习了啊

    0

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    2023-04-18 ms5000000159272953 来自广东省

    已经认识了

    0

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    2023-03-16 ysb-1971 来自福建省
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    2022-09-13 yhy100201
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    2022-09-13 mjldent

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