Acta Neuropathologica: 致病性tau蛋白的体外扩增保留了疾病特异性生物活性特征

2021-02-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

微管相关蛋白tau(tau)在不与微管结合时具有内在的无序性和高度的可溶性。人脑中过度磷酸化tau内含物的存在在病理学上定义为一组神经退行性疾病,其统称为tau病。

微管相关蛋白tau(tau)在不与微管结合时具有内在的无序性和高度的可溶性。人脑中过度磷酸化tau内含物的存在在病理学上定义为一组神经退行性疾病,其统称为tau病。最常见的tau病,阿尔兹海默病(AD),影响着约10%的65岁以上的人口。在AD患者的大脑中,认知能力的下降和神经元的死亡与聚集的tau丝(被称为成对螺旋丝(PHFs))的负荷增加密切相关。随着疾病的进展,PHFs会扩散到整个解剖学上相连的大脑区域。这种扩散遵循始于边缘系统的定型模式,随后被传播至额颞叶和新皮层。

最近的研究表明,tau菌株在tau传播模型中表现出菌株特异性生物活性,这也称为致病性。目前,由重组tau蛋白合成的tau预制纤维(pffs)不能完全重现人源tau菌株的特异性致病性。但是在细胞和动物模型中复制疾病相关的tau病理学,这就需要使用人脑来源的tau。然而,人源性tau的可用性极为有限。若能模拟人类来源tau种子致病性的tau变异体的产生将显著扩大tau病研究领域的实验设计规模。

以前的研究已经证明,体外接种反应可以从微量的人源tau蛋白中扩增tau蛋白的β-折叠结构。然而,原始人类来源的tau种子的菌株特异性致病性是否能在扩增的tau菌株中保持,仍有待实验验证。

本研究使用来自AD、皮质基底变性(CBD)和进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)患者大脑中富含生化物质的脑源性tau种子,采用改进的接种方案在体外模重组2N4R (T40) tau的募集。本实验使用最近开发的tau扩散模型,定量地研究了扩增反应的有效性以及扩增物质对原始tau种子的致病保真度。

这项研究结果表明,从不同tau病脑中分离的tau可以在体外忠实地扩增出不同的tau菌株,并且扩增的tau变异体保留了其菌株依赖性致病特性。

Xu, H., O’Reilly, M., Gibbons, G.S. et al. In vitro amplification of pathogenic tau conserves disease-specific bioactive characteristics. Acta Neuropathol 141, 193–215 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02253-4

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    2021-02-27 yb6560
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    2021-10-21 windight
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    2021-07-11 cnxcy
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    2021-02-20 hb2008ye

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