超声诊断原发性肝细胞癌右房转移1例

2020-03-08 周秘 谭静 尹立雪 临床超声医学杂志

患者女,53岁,丙肝抗体阳性20余年,未监测肝功能和甲胎蛋白,未进行影像学评估。1年前因腹痛1周入院,经腹超声检查:右肝见一大小为8.7 cm×6.3 cm的团状稍低回声,内部回声不均匀,

患者女,53岁,丙肝抗体阳性20余年,未监测肝功能和甲胎蛋白,未进行影像学评估。1年前因腹痛1周入院,经腹超声检查:右肝见一大小为8.7 cm×6.3 cm的团状稍低回声,内部回声不均匀,边界不清(图1),经肘静脉团注造影剂后,团块动脉相呈快速高增强,门脉相和延迟相呈低增强(图2),超声诊断:右肝富血供肿瘤性改变。
 
图1 右肝见团状稍低回声,内部回声不均匀(箭头示)
 
图2 经肘静脉团注造影剂后,团块动脉相呈快速高增强(箭头示)
 
增强CT示:肝右叶团片状稍低密度影,门静脉宽约1.3 cm,未见充盈缺损征象。超声心动图未见明显异常。实验室检查:甲胎蛋白247.40 ng/ml,D-二聚体2.29 μg/ml,纤维蛋白/纤维蛋白降解产物7.1 μg/L,血浆凝血酶原时间16.1 s,血浆凝血酶原国际标准化比率1.36。给予肝动脉化疗灌注栓塞术治疗后出院。
 
3个月后患者因胸闷行超声心动图检查:右房侧壁见一大小约2.5 cm×1.9 cm的团状稍低回声,不随心脏搏动而运动,房间隔中份纤细并凸向左房(图3);下腔静脉内见团状低回声延续至右房与右房内团状低回声相连,其与下腔静脉粘连紧密,活动度小(图4)。超声诊断:右房内实质性占位(考虑转移瘤);房间隔膨胀瘤。
 
图3 右房侧壁见团状稍低回声(箭头示房间隔膨胀瘤),不随心脏搏动而运动(RA:右房;LA:左房;RV:右室)
 
图4 下腔静脉内见团状低回声延续至右房(箭头示)并与右房内团状低回声相连(RA:右房;LA:左房;RV:右室;IVC:下腔静脉)
 
讨论:
 
肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的早期发现、诊断及规范化监测可极大地改善患者的生存质量和预后结果。本例患者发现丙肝抗体阳性,为HCC 高风险人群,但未规范化监测腹部超声和甲胎蛋白水平,导致疾病发现时已处于晚期。本例患者甲胎蛋白水平明显增高,超声造影表现为动脉相高增强,门脉相和延迟相呈低增强的典型HCC 特征。
 
超声心动图是早期诊断心脏转移肿瘤较好的影像学方法,但发现时原发肿瘤多处于疾病晚期。本例右房内占位应与血栓感染性赘生物鉴别诊断。心脏肿瘤无其他器官受累时应彻底手术切除以解除梗阻症状,但手术仅切除心脏内肿瘤患者的术后生存时间较短,平均为6 个月。本例患者未接受进一步活检及手术治疗,并自动出院,故在短期内死亡。本病例提示原发性肝细胞肝癌患者可能发生心脏转移,对于该类患者尽管无心脏相关症状也应行常规超声心动图筛查,以提高临床诊断准确率。
 
原始出处:
 
周秘,谭静,尹立雪,张文军,兰海,胥卉苹,许达,刘蓉.超声诊断原发性肝细胞肝癌右房转移1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2019,21(01):16.

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