JE:清络通痹方减轻雷公藤导致的肝损伤

2022-01-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

雷公藤在临床上用于治疗自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病,然而雷公藤引起的肝损伤限制了其发展和应用。研究雷公藤是否干预脂质代谢引起肝损伤,并在体内和体外实验中评价清络通痹方的肝保护作用。

背景:雷公藤在临床上用于治疗自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病,如类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和免疫性肾病等,其活性药理成分如雷公藤甲素、南蛇藤素等具有显著的抗炎、免疫抑制和抗肿瘤作用,具有药物开发潜力。然而雷公藤引起的肝损伤限制了其发展和应用。

在传统中医中,雷公藤常与一种或多种中药合成复方口服,通过协同作用减少可能的不良反应。清络通痹方(QLT)以雷公藤为主要成分,由著名中医周仲瑛教授创制,在临床上用于类风湿关节炎治疗已有数十年,无不良反应报道。

QLT由五种成分组成:雷公藤、三七粉、生地黄、青风藤、炙僵蚕。研究表明,QLT可显著减轻雷公藤相关的肝损伤,不同的成分对减轻肝损伤有不同的作用,如三七可改变雷公藤血药浓度-时间分布特征,生地可调节Ⅰ/Ⅱ代谢酶,增加雷公藤甲素的代谢转化。

目的:研究雷公藤是否干预脂质代谢引起肝损伤,并在体内和体外实验中评价清络通痹方的保护作用。

方法:给药后检测肝素细胞和SD大鼠的生化指标、肝细胞脂质变化和肝脏病理变化,分析肝X受体α (LXRα)内质网应激关键蛋白、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c (SREBP-1c)和脂质合成酶的基因表达。在HepaRG细胞中,加入LXRα抑制剂、LXRα激动剂和内质网应激抑制剂后,检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78 kDa (GRP78)和LXRα的蛋白表达。

结果:25.6 mg/mL 雷公藤作用48 h后,HepaRG细胞粘附能力明显降低,细胞明显萎缩,边界模糊,部分细胞分离,呈漂浮状。肝细胞损伤标志物ALT、AST水平和脂质代谢指标TG、TC水平显著升高。此外,采用ORO染色法检测HepaRG细胞中的脂质含量,发现细胞中有大量的红色脂滴聚集。SREBP-1c是脂肪酸和TG合成的关键调控因子,雷公藤显著提高了HepaRG细胞SREBP-1c、SCD和FASN基因表达,提示TW可诱导HepaRG细胞损伤和脂代谢紊乱。

雷公藤显著上调了LXRα和GRP78基因的表达,显著提高了关键UPR传感器ATF6和IRE1的mRNA水平,提示雷公藤上调了LXRα基因的表达,触发了HepaRG细胞内质网应激。加入LXRα激动剂或抑制剂后,GRP78蛋白表达水平分别显著上调或下调,而抑制内质网应激则不影响LXRα蛋白的表达,说明雷公藤触发的HepaRG细胞内质网应激受到LXRα的调节。以上结果表明雷公藤调节LXRα引发内质网应激,诱导脂质代谢紊乱,损伤肝细胞,而QLT能减轻雷公藤诱导的肝细胞损伤和脂质代谢紊乱。

结论:雷公藤上调LXRα以激活内质网应激,增加SREBP-1c和脂质合成酶的基因表达,导致肝细胞脂质合成增加,进而导致肝损伤。清络通痹方抑制LXRα-ERS-SREBP-1c通路,减少肝细胞异常脂质合成和雷公藤的肝毒性。该研究有助于阐明清络通痹方及其成分在降低雷公藤相关肝毒性中的作用,为临床安全使用清络通痹方和雷公藤提供研究基础。

文献来源:

Yu, Z., Feng, Z., Fu, L., et al. (2021). Qingluotongbi formula regulates the LXRα-ERS-SREBP-1c pathway in hepatocytes to alleviate the liver injury caused by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114952. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114952

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