Science:HIV家族树可揭示病毒传播机制

2015-06-18 佚名 生物谷

HIV病毒非常善于躲避免疫系统的追踪同时也让HIV的疫苗研究停滞不前。这种“特异功能”或许也正可以成为HIV病毒的致命弱点。 最新一期的 Science 发表了一篇评论文章,分析了如何通过分析HIV病毒的家族进化树来研究病毒的传播扩散。HIV病毒是一种RNA病毒,变异速率很快。这就导致每一代的新的HIV病毒和他们的父辈在遗传物质上略有差异。如果两株分离的HIV病毒遗传物质的核酸序列越接近,他

HIV病毒非常善于躲避免疫系统的追踪同时也让HIV的疫苗研究停滞不前。这种“特异功能”或许也正可以成为HIV病毒的致命弱点。

最新一期的 Science 发表了一篇评论文章,分析了如何通过分析HIV病毒的家族进化树来研究病毒的传播扩散。HIV病毒是一种RNA病毒,变异速率很快。这就导致每一代的新的HIV病毒和他们的父辈在遗传物质上略有差异。如果两株分离的HIV病毒遗传物质的核酸序列越接近,他们可能越晚从共同的祖先那分开。了解到这样信息,williamhill asia 可以追踪病毒的传播扩散方式,进而制定精准的干扰治疗策略来针对HIV病毒。

这个方法的核心假设是,如果两个人携带的HIV病毒的核酸序列差异小于1.5%,那么很可能这两个人来自于同一个“传染群体”(transmission cluster),他们HIV感染事件是密切相关的。通常认为,HIV病毒在传代过程中的突变率是恒定的,研究者可以据此构建一个生物分子钟来估算携带者是何时感染病毒的。再结合在同一个地理区域内的HIV携带者那得到的信息,研究者能够构建类似航线图那样的图像来估测HIV病毒的传播方向和速率。已经有几个课题组进行了类似的研究。

一个雄心勃勃的团队(PANGEA_HIV)计划测序超过2万人携带的HIV病毒基因组。这些携带者将来自于四个泛撒哈拉地区的国家。这个团队旨在测试是否可以通过HIV病毒的系统进化来预测新的感染的发生率,进而反过来可以揭示对HIV的感染的干预措施是否能够有效。

然而,通过测序分析HIV病毒的家族系谱也存在一些局限性。同性恋在HIV的传播中起着很大作用,尤其是男同性恋。已经有些国家判定传播HIV和成为同性恋者是犯罪行为,有些人担心那些政府会获取这些研究的证据,从而发现这些同性恋者的私人信息。来自美国纽约的Mark Harrington说:”用这个研究并不能证明到底是谁传染了谁HIV病毒,只能表明他们在HIV传染中是密切关联的。williamhill asia 并不希望看到在各种法庭出现HIV传播的诉讼,因为仅凭不同携带者感染了类似的HIV并不能确定是谁感染了谁。“

那些男同性恋们该膝盖一痛了,他们或许会受到“责备”,因为研究者或许会给出他们能够感染周围的女性的结论,即便他们或许根本不会通过某些途径传播HIV给女性。

原始出处:

Cohen J.MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY.HIV family trees reveal viral spread.Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1188-9. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6240.1188.


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    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    呵呵

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    2015-06-21 summer474cn

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29225, encodeId=033029225ef, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28496, encodeId=f85e2849669, content=⊙﹏⊙, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28497, encodeId=07212849e3c, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28485, encodeId=df0428485f9, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28486, encodeId=66912848697, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28487, encodeId=67802848e22, content=。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28488, encodeId=a486284884f, content=,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28489, encodeId=c6042848909, content=!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28490, encodeId=b01c2849011, content=(??.??), beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 16:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375060, encodeId=f8c613e506037, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Jun 20 00:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-21 summer474cn

    0

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    2015-06-21 summer474cn

    0

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    2015-06-21 summer474cn

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    2015-06-21 summer474cn

    0

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    2015-06-21 18619c0a62m

    (??.??)

    0

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    2015-06-20 jichang

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