孕期知识|抽筋、腹痛、水肿、贫血、分泌物增多怎么办?

2019-05-31 佚名 健康号

孕期常见症状有:早孕反应、孕期便秘、痔疮、乳房胀痛、尿频、尿急、胃区不适、背痛、下肢肌肉痉挛、眩晕、阴道分泌物增多、水肿、贫血、皮肤瘙痒、腹痛……

孕期常见症状有:早孕反应、孕期便秘、痔疮、乳房胀痛、尿频、尿急、区不适、背痛、下肢肌肉痉挛、眩晕、阴道分泌物增多、水肿、贫血、皮肤瘙痒、腹痛……

下肢肌肉痉挛(俗称抽筋)

下肢肌肉痉挛(俗称抽筋):主要指小腿腓肠肌发生疼痛性挛缩,孕期任何时期均可出现,常见于孕晚期,夜间发作较多。系因增大的子宫压迫下肢神经所致,疲倦、寒冷、不合理的体姿以及体内钙、磷比例失调致神经系统应激功能过强,均可促使发作。

缓解措施

a.有计划摄取牛奶,必要时按医嘱补钙,每天600-1000mg;

b.避免穿高跟鞋,穿舒适性和稳定性的鞋子很重要,最好是外坚固、内柔软、鞋跟在15-30妈妈为宜;

c.睡觉前有规律的舒展小腿肌肉,可以泡脚或洗个热水澡,或者热敷一下,按摩腿部肌肉等都能生效。

当小腿肌肉发生痉挛时,如何缓解:具体做法是让孕妇平卧,护士或家属按住孕妇膝盖,协助伸直小腿,同时使足背屈。

阴道分泌物增多

阴道分泌物增多:妊娠期间,由于激素的作用,致阴道分泌物增多。通常为乳白色,无异味,无外阴搔痒,属于正常的生理现象。须勤淋浴、常换内裤,保持外阴部的清洁。推荐穿吸水性好、质地柔软的棉质内裤。

但如果分泌物颜色异常伴难闻的臭味,以及外阴有明显搔痒等症状,需及时就医,予以治疗,在医生指导下用药。

水肿

水肿:在怀孕初期即会发生,一般到怀孕中后期时比较明显,因为准妈妈的子宫,此时已大到一定程度,有可能会压迫到静脉回流。更有一些准妈妈合并较重的贫血,血浆蛋白低,水分从血管内渗出到周围的组织间隙等等。若不严重,大多不需治疗,但较为严重时,则应赶紧就医,注意血压变化,尿液改变,以防妊娠高血压疾病和并发肾脏疾病。

缓解措施:

a.多进食蛋白质和蔬果;

b.妊娠浮肿应多休息;

c.适当抬高下肢,同时,适当限制食盐;

d.不宜多站和久坐,散步可以调节小腿肌肉,改变一些静脉被压迫现象。

贫血

贫血:缺铁性贫血,为孕期常见贫血类型,是由于铁摄入不足所致。特别是孕期呕吐严重、前后两次怀孕时间间隔短、怀的双胎或多胎等,更易发生。贫血程度轻微,可无症状,贫血严重时,可能会感觉到疲倦、乏力、眩晕等。

缓解措施:

a.多吃富铁食物,如瘦肉、家禽、动物肝及血、蛋类、豆制品等富铁食物;

b.多吃有助于铁吸收的食物,水果和蔬菜;

c.多吃富叶酸食物;

d.服用铁剂,每天60-100mg。

地中海贫血:是一组遗传性、溶血性贫血疾病。本病广泛分布于世界许多地区,东南亚即为高发区之一,我国广东、广西、四川多见。补充铁剂是禁忌,所以在怀孕前及孕早期应进行相关检查排出此类贫血。

皮肤瘙痒

一般瘙痒症:大都发生在局部,如妊娠纹。有的瘙痒则是过敏引起的,如服用某些药物或接触过敏性物质,以及气候变化等,大多发生在暴露的皮肤上,或全身或局部出现疹子。只要脱离过敏源,局部用些抗过敏药,瘙痒即可缓解消失。

特殊皮肤瘙痒:妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症,与妊娠相关,瘙痒特点:瘙痒程度不一,常呈持续性白昼轻,夜间加剧,瘙痒一般先从手掌和脚掌开始,逐渐向肢体延伸,甚至可发展到面部。应及时到医院空腹抽血,检查肝功、总胆汁酸和甘胆酸。常规筛查时间30-32周。

腹痛

腹痛是妊娠期常见的症状,有些腹痛是正常的胎动或宫缩而引起的,有些却是疾病降来临的信号,切不可麻痹大意。

先兆流产:表现为怀孕28周之内出现少量阴道出血,常比月经量少,血色多为鲜红色,有时伴有下腹痛、腰痛及下坠感。

生理性宫缩:主要发生在孕晚期,偶尔出现腹部绷紧感,强度一般较弱,发生时间无规律性,也无阴道出血。运动、紧张和疲劳也会引起保护性的宫缩。它是一种生理现象,不必顾虑。

非妊娠原因引起的腹痛(须及时就医):急性阑尾炎、胆石症和胆囊炎、尿路结石、肠溃疡等。

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    2019-11-09 gwc392
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    2019-06-02 小华子

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