我国学者揭示长链非编码RNA顺式调控基因表达的新模式

2016-03-24 佚名 生物谷

国际学术期刊Cell Stem Cell(《细胞·干细胞》)于近日在线发表了清华大学医学院沈晓骅研究组的最新研究成果“Divergent lncRNAs regulate gene expression and lineage differentiation in pluripotent cells”(反义长链非编码RNA调控基因表达和多能干细胞分化),系统揭示了长链非编码RNA顺式调控基因

国际学术期刊Cell Stem Cell(《细胞·干细胞》)于近日在线发表了清华大学医学院沈晓骅研究组的最新研究成果“Divergent lncRNAs regulate gene expression and lineage differentiation in pluripotent cells”(反义长链非编码RNA调控基因表达和多能干细胞分化),系统揭示了长链非编码RNA顺式调控基因组上邻近基因的表达,以及它们在干细胞分化和发育中的作用。该研究工作得到国家自然科学基金项目(31471219, 8141101062)等的资助。

高等真核生物基因组的广泛转录产生了大量的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),它们不具有编码蛋白的功能。目前人们对它们的了解还非常有限,lncRNA被认为是生物学中的暗物质。LncRNA的功能分类及预测,是非编码RNA领域一直追寻和探索的重要问题,它对于认识非编码RNA生物学功能和存在的意义具有重要作用。

沈晓骅研究组发现,lncRNA在基因组上的分布不是随机的,并根据它们在基因组上与邻近蛋白编码基因的位置关系进行了分类。其中,反义长链非编码RNA(divergent lncRNAs)与邻近蛋白基因在基因组上以头对头的方式反向排列和转录。它们占人和鼠lncRNA总数的20%,更倾向于分布在编码转录因子和发育调控基因的附近,在进化上它们比远离蛋白编码基因的lncRNAs更为古老。令人惊叹的是,沉默75%的随机挑选的反义长链非编码RNA,均导致了邻近蛋白基因的表达下降。该课题组以lncRNA Evx1as为例深入解析了反义长链非编码RNA作用的分子机制。Evx1as RNA原位结合在自身转录的DNA区域,招募转录激活辅助因子Mediator,促进一个激活状态的染色质表观修饰和高级结构的形成,为EVX1的快速激活提供一个“时机之窗”去整合各种信号,从而正向调控EVX1的基因转录。干扰lncRNAEvx1as的表达,严重阻碍了多能干细胞的分化。因此,反义长链非编码RNA,至少其中相当多的一部分,能够顺式调节邻近蛋白编码基因的转录,精密控制这些发育多样性基因位点的时空表达,并参与到与之相关的发育和其它生物学过程。

这一研究发现从一个更高的层面上揭示出lncRNAs顺式调控邻近蛋白编码基因是一种广泛存在的转录调控新模式。基于以上顺式调控规律,人们可以根据邻近已知蛋白编码基因的功能,预测出大量未经鉴定的非编码lncRNA的功能。这种功能上的预测,将帮助科研人员更好地设计实验和研究未知lncRNA,对全面认识非编码基因组的功能、基因表达调控和生物体发育具有重要意义。

图示:反义长链非编码RNA与基因转录调控和生物体发育紧密相连。A) 反义长链非编码RNA通过调控邻近蛋白编码基因的转录来参与与该蛋白相关的生物学过程。B) LncRNA Evx1as顺式调节EVX1表达的模式图。

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    2016-09-23 anan
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    2016-10-02 d830384
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