JAMA Netw Open:自然流产或人工流产史与妊娠期糖尿病风险的关系

2022-03-21 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

妊娠期糖尿病(GD)是妊娠期最常见和最重要的并发症之一,影响全世界所有临床确认的妊娠的7%至25%。

背景:妊娠期糖尿病(GD)是妊娠期最常见和最重要的并发症之一,影响全世界所有临床确认的妊娠的7%至25%。妊娠期糖尿病的高患病率引起了人们的极大关注,因为它不仅与不良的围产期结局有关,而且还与母亲及其子女的长期心血管和代谢健康风险增加有关。因此,识别GD高危孕妇并实施早期监测和干预至关重要。

   堕胎,可能是意外的,也可能是故意的,在全球范围内很常见。据估计,高达30%的妊娠以自然流产(SAB)终止,每年全世界发生超过4300万例选择性人工流产。研究表明,SAB,特别是反复发生的SAB,与母亲后来患心血管疾病和静脉血栓栓塞症的风险有关,有人工流产史的妇女在晚年患代谢性疾病的风险更高,包括2型糖尿病。心血管和代谢性疾病风险升高的病理生理机制可能与氧化应激和炎症有关,这也有助于GD.21-23的发展,然而,先前堕胎是否会增加母亲在随后怀孕时患GD的风险仍不清楚。

目的:探讨自然流产(SAB)或人工流产史是否与再次妊娠时发生GD的风险增加有关。

设计、设置和参与者:这项回顾性队列研究是在中国上海的一家三级医院进行的。2014年1月至2019年12月期间接受常规产前护理的孕妇被包括在内。数据分析从2020年12月到2021年6月进行。

暴露:母性流产史,包括SAB和人工流产,从医疗记录中提取。

主要结果和指标:通过75g无水葡萄糖耐量试验诊断为GD。多变量调整的对数二项分析用于估计与流产史相关的GD的相对危险度(RR)和95%的CI。

结果:102 259例孕妇中,14579例(14.3%)仅有SAB史,17935例(17.5%)有人工流产史,4017例(3.9%)同时有SAB和人工流产史。队列中共有12 153例GD患者,GD患病率为11.9%(102 259例女性中12 153例)。仅经历SAB的孕妇(RR,1.25;95%CI,1.18-1.31)或同时经历SAB和人工流产(RR,1.15;95%CI,1.05-1.27)的孕妇发生GD的风险更高。SAB病史与GD之间的关联是以数量依赖的方式发生的。与无流产史的孕妇相比,有1个SAB史的孕妇发生GD的RR增加18%(RR=1.18;95%CI=1.11~1.26),有2个SAB史的孕妇增加41%(RR=1.41;95%CI=1.27~1.57),大于2个SAB者的RR增加43%(RR=1.43;95%CI=1.22~1.67)。然而,未观察到人工流产史与GD之间的关联。

表1.按流产史划分的孕妇的一般特征

表2.按流产史分列的妊娠24至28周的血糖水平分布

表3.GD事件与堕胎史的关系

图1.自然流产(SAB)数量与妊娠期糖尿病风险之间的关系

结论:这项研究发现,SAB病史与再次怀孕时发生GD的风险增加有关。需要进一步的研究来澄清这种联系,并探索这种联系背后的潜在生物学机制。

原文出处:Zhao Y,  Zhao Y,  Fan K,et al.Association of History of Spontaneous or Induced Abortion With Subsequent Risk of Gestational Diabetes.JAMA Netw Open 2022 Mar 01;5(3)

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