J Am Soc Nephrol:肾移植后患者的脑血流、神经化学物质和白质完整性恢复正常。

2021-06-27 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

CKD患者的某些脑异常是可逆的,肾移植后可恢复正常。需要进一步的研究来了解这些脑部异常的机制,并探索干预措施来减轻这些异常,即使是不能移植的患者。

CKD与痴呆、中风风险和ESKD患者死亡率增加有关。透析可以拯救生命,但是开始透析会增加中风和死亡。CKD的这些有害的临床表现可以用脑血流量增加(CBF)的结构和生理脑异常来解释。 CKD患者CBF升高,可能继发于内皮炎症引起的血脑屏障功能障碍导致的脑自动调节中断。此外,血液透析引起CBF的急性变化,与超滤量和红细胞压积的变化相关,红细胞压积是血液粘度的主要决定因素。这些脑血流动力学的变化可能导致中风的增加。CKD患者还存在脑神经化学物质的失调。尽管因果关系尚未证实,但EGFR降低与这些渗透压的高浓度有关。脑渗透压增加可改变脑渗透压,损害细胞结构和功能。此外,CKD患者的白质完整性降低,通过弥散张量成像(DTI)和磁共振成像(MRI)方法测量水分子沿神经束的扩散。 CKD与脑血流、脑神经化学浓度和白质完整性异常有关。这些都与非CKD人群的不良临床后果有关,这可能解释了ESKD中痴呆和中风的高患病率。由于肾移植后认知功能改善,比较肾移植前后这些脑异常可能会发现ESKD相关脑异常的潜在可逆性。 基于以上问题,Rebecca等进行了相关研究,文章发表在J Am Soc Nephrol杂志。

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