计算机在预测和设计COVID-19抗病毒药物中发挥重要作用

2022-01-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

基于靶点的药物设计是现代药物发现研究中的新策略。通过利用计算工具,研究人员最近试图预测和设计针对SARS-CoV-2病毒性疾病各种靶标的小分子、基于肽的抗病毒药物。

基于靶点的药物设计是现代药物发现研究中的新策略。通过利用计算工具,研究人员最近试图预测和设计针对SARS-CoV-2病毒性疾病各种靶标的小分子、基于肽的抗病毒药物

以下总结了此类计算机辅助和基于靶点的COVID-19抗病毒药物预测和设计中的几个靶标。

RdRp

RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RdRp)是病毒复制过程的必要组成部分。因此,抑制RdRp的功能可能有利于减少SARS-CoV-2病毒的复制。最近,Zhang等报告了三种临床使用的抗病毒药物(RdRp抑制剂)的结合相互作用,即galidesivir、favipiravir和penciclovir,这些药物也正在进行COVID-19疾病的临床试验。这些药物与RdRp蛋白的相互作用特征提供了抑制SARS-CoV-2的抑制剂关于结构设计的信息。

3CLpro

控制SARS-CoV病毒复制的病毒3-糜蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶(3CLpro)酶是抗病毒治疗的潜在靶标。

由于SARS-CoV-2和SARS-CoV的基因组序列相似,3CLpro可以成为SARS-CoV-2病毒的靶标。

最近,研究人员利用计算机辅助药物设计(CADD)方法来鉴定COVID-19的再利用候选药物

Wang等针对SARS-CoV-2病毒关键病毒蛋白的活性位点进行了一系列已知药物的虚拟筛选,并确定了包括lopinavir、carfilzomib、elbasvir、valrubicin和eravacycline在内的几种药物作为SARS-CoV-2蛋白酶酶的预测抑制剂。该技术可以快速预测再利用候选药物,根据这些预测药物的结构可以指导进一步SARS-CoV-2蛋白酶的新型抑制剂的设计。

ACE2

已知SARS-CoV-2病毒通过血管紧张素转换酶Ⅱ(ACE2)受体在宿主细胞内融合,ACE2受体也被发现是以往SARS-CoV病毒的宿主细胞受体。刺突(S)蛋白的受体结合域(RBD)是SARS-CoV-2表面上的配体,其与ACE2受体结合,促进宿主细胞内受体介导的病毒内吞作用。

CR3022是一种已知的SARS- CoV中和单克隆抗体,具有SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的受体结合结构域(RBD),可结合SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白。“SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白-ACE2”的晶体结构使设计ACE2的新疗法变得更加容易。

在最近的一项工作中,Pentelute的研究小组设计了一种新的23聚体肽模拟物,针对s刺突蛋白的Kd值为47 nM,全长ACE2蛋白的Kd值为7 nM。

这样的计算机设计的基于肽的治疗方法可以成为治疗COVID-19病的一个有希望的候选者。

SARS-CoV-2病毒的内肽酶

Lopinavir和/或ritonavir单独或联合给药显示出抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)复制的活性。在早期的研究中,Lopinavir和ritonavir及其联合治疗均显示对SARS-CoV患者有治疗益处。

在最近的一项计算研究中,发现Lopinavir和ritonavir均与SARS-CoV-2病毒的肽链内切酶结合,表明这些药物也可能显示出抗SARS-CoV-2病毒的活性

 

原文链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33400058/

Recent Developments on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches for COVID-19.

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    2022-06-01 bioon14
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    2022-01-16 smart Ren

    关注啦

    0

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    2022-01-15 yahu
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