管住抗生素,先管住医生

2016-09-28 佚名 生命时报

导语:今年起,全国各地纷纷叫停门诊输液,出台“限抗令”。9月16日本报推出《打点滴的是是非非》一文后,收到许多专家读者的热情反馈。广东省医学会副会长、南方医科大学儿科教授曾其毅表示,抗生素滥用在临床上依然存在,而且很多医生并没有真正了解抗生素的危害,在这方面,他有很多话要说。受访专家:广东省医学会副会长、南方医科大学儿科教授    曾其毅问题都在一个“滥”字 吊瓶与抗

导语:今年起,全国各地纷纷叫停门诊输液,出台“限抗令”。9月16日本报推出《打点滴的是是非非》一文后,收到许多专家读者的热情反馈。广东省医学会副会长、南方医科大学儿科教授曾其毅表示,抗生素滥用在临床上依然存在,而且很多医生并没有真正了解抗生素的危害,在这方面,他有很多话要说。

受访专家:广东省医学会副会长、南方医科大学儿科教授    曾其毅

问题都在一个“滥”字 

吊瓶与抗生素滥用常被称为“一对兄弟”。近年来,各地卫生行政部门相继取消门诊输液,用以杜绝抗生素滥用。对此,曾其毅有着独到的看法。

问:有人认为取消门诊静脉输液过于“一刀切”,您如何看待?

曾其毅:静脉输液要一分为二地看。对于高烧数天、情况较重的病人,通过胃肠道摄入大量液体比较困难,静脉补液可在短时间内补充丢失的液体,迅速恢复水电解质平衡。williamhill asia 要阻止的是静脉滥用药品,有5类药品非常可怕,即抗生素和抗病毒药、激素、中药静脉制剂、维生素、生物制剂。

问:“用高级抗生素对付超级细菌”的报道频繁出现,在美国,超过60%的医生也偏好用高级抗生素。它真能达到更好的效果?

曾其毅:“药无贵贱,疗效为准,适者为好”,是我的用药观。之所以很多医生偏爱高级抗生素,是因为医学理念有偏差。他们认为,用上高级抗生素,细菌被杀死了,就能治病。但同时也可能会致病,甚至增加死亡风险。细菌被杀死后,会释放大量抗原,刺激机体产生更严重的免疫应答反应,进而产生大量炎症物质,诱导宿主出现自身免疫损伤,增加“抗生素诱导脓毒血症”的风险,甚至多器官功能障碍。

问:一旦形成“耐药性”,就会对人体产生巨大损害吗?

曾其毅:通常,人们会把“耐药性”看作抗生素滥用的一大危害。但我认为,耐药的产生,可以防止过度杀菌进而损伤机体,是身体适应外来损伤的自我保护机制。所以,抗生素的最大危害并非是促使耐药菌株的出现,而在于引发严重的免疫损伤,诱导多器官伤害。可即便是高级医院的医生,也并非完全清楚如何合理使用抗生素。如有人认为,发热、白细胞升高,就是使用抗生素的指征。但白细胞升高只是一种炎症反应和免疫反应,不一定是细菌感染。医生错误使用抗生素影响了公众的认知,于是很多老百姓也跟着认为“消炎要用抗生素”。

儿童用抗生素应“温柔”   

曾其毅是全国著名的儿科专家,作为广东省医学会儿童危重病医学分会主任委员,他对于儿童抗生素的使用更加忧心,他有些话需要传达给家长们。

问:当前,儿童滥用抗生素的情况严重吗?

曾其毅:让我非常痛心的一点是,有些家长对药品的依赖度很高,孩子一有小病小痛,马上就想给孩子吃药,由此导致的药物滥用让人担忧。由于儿童疾病多以感染为主,即便是某些三甲医院医生也认为抗生素效果最快。但跟成人相比,抗生素在儿童中引起的免疫反应更强,承受抗生素不良反应的能力更差,不少药物的毒副作用需要较长时间才显现。比如,以前广泛给儿童使用的四环素,若干年后才被发现会引起牙着色和釉质发育不全。因为儿童用药缺乏“童装”,医生凭感觉减半或掰2/3给孩子服用,因此带来很多负面问题。

问:倘若必须用抗生素,如何科学地给孩子用药呢?

曾其毅:1987年,我在加拿大哥伦比亚大学进修时学习到,国际上对抗生素的使用必须要有细菌培养和病原学检查作为依据。我认为,儿童抗感染应“温柔用药,不要重拳出击”,少用高级抗生素照样能抢救危重病人。在我创建的广州市儿童重症救治中心,曾有一位14岁女孩,转院过来时已是膀胱炎合并重症胰腺炎、病毒性脑炎,多器官损伤并处于昏迷状态。我立即给她停用了抗生素和激素,换上自创的“抗炎鸡尾酒疗法”,第二天就有所好转。这提示williamhill asia ,治病时不要忽略了人体的自我修复力。

 医生应向抗生素开刀   

曾其毅是国内最早一批向“抗生素”开刀的人,2006年担任广州市儿童医院院长,他下令暂停采购两种抗生素;2009年,转任南方医科大学珠江医院,宣布停用一些贵重抗生素。如今,在珠江医院儿科监护室,抗生素使用率仅有13%,而国家要求不超过50%。

问:您曾提出“管不住医生,就先管好药房主任”的观点,有什么现实考量?

曾其毅:抗生素的认识和使用习惯,各科主任都有各自的想法。要想管住大批科主任难度较大,倒不如管好药房主任,严控一些抗生素使用,让临床医生“无药可用”。但这属于当时迫不得已的做法。近年来,卫生行政部门虽加强了抗生素管理,但成效不大。真正合理的做法是,通过不断的宣教和培训,让医生真正了解抗生素危害。十几年来,我致力于合理使用抗生素的临床实践和业内宣讲,收效显著。

问:如何才能管好抗生素,实现合理使用的目标?

曾其毅:第一,要加强对医生的专业培训。第二,抓紧制定严格的抗生素使用规范,让更多的医生知晓。据统计,很多临床医生对相关规范的知晓率仅为两成。第三,大型医疗机构应设感染管理科和临床感染科,从行政管理和临床医疗两个层级进行监管。总之,抗生素不是“洪水猛兽”。合理使用抗生素,应遵循:依药敏合理选药;有指征尽早用药;无指征不可滥用药物;有必要用到强效抗生素的同时,应采取相应措施避免抗生素诱发的“宿主自身免疫性损伤”,更要密切观察,留意并避免细菌被大量杀死可能诱发的脓毒血症。

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    2016-10-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好,喜欢阅读

    0

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    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,长见识

    0

  3. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-08 1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称)

    好文,抗生素合理使用还得从医生做起,加强宣教很重要

    0

  4. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-30 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    了解一下!

    0

  5. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-30 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,分享一下!

    0

  6. 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createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 17:34:59 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138226, encodeId=907813822675, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 17:33:44 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137216, encodeId=26c313e21698, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, 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createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:08 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137161, encodeId=407613e16151, content=医生应该以身为责, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137160, encodeId=acaf13e160ba, content=谢谢分享,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147760, encodeId=e67814e760d7, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:47:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144345, encodeId=873214434585, content=好文章,长见识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 15:00:40 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141840, encodeId=e90f14184047, content=好文,抗生素合理使用还得从医生做起,加强宣教很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161012/IMG57FE37B9D8B7C2781.jpg, createdBy=05f31956923, createdName=1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 10:10:08 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138227, encodeId=b19913822efe, content=了解一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 17:34:59 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138226, encodeId=907813822675, content=学习了,分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 30 17:33:44 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137216, encodeId=26c313e21698, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137214, encodeId=e4b313e214f0, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137211, encodeId=25fa13e21157, content=应该这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:08 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137161, encodeId=407613e16151, content=医生应该以身为责, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137160, encodeId=acaf13e160ba, content=谢谢分享,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  8. 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createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:08 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137161, encodeId=407613e16151, content=医生应该以身为责, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137160, encodeId=acaf13e160ba, content=谢谢分享,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 知难而进

    应该这样

    0

  9. 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createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:08 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137161, encodeId=407613e16151, content=医生应该以身为责, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137160, encodeId=acaf13e160ba, content=谢谢分享,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 医路开来

    医生应该以身为责

    0

  10. 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createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:45:08 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137161, encodeId=407613e16151, content=医生应该以身为责, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137160, encodeId=acaf13e160ba, content=谢谢分享,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 19:13:35 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-28 医路开来

    谢谢分享,,,

    0

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