Nature:抗病毒鼻腔喷雾剂N-0385有望阻止新冠病毒感染

2022-04-22 生物谷 生物谷

研究人员一直在开发能够阻断蛋白TMPRSS2的化合物。SARS-CoV-2需要这种蛋白来帮助它的刺突蛋白与细胞膜融合并进入细胞内。

这种冠状病毒的疫苗和治疗方法带来了挑战。目前需要进行疫苗加强注射,以产生抗体来对抗SARS-CoV-2的Omicron变体。在COVID-19大流行病早期批准的几种抗体组合疗法对Omicron的效果并不好。

治疗COVID-19的另一种方法是阻断人类细胞表面上SARS-CoV-2用来感染的蛋白,比如TMPRSS2和ACE2。这些蛋白随着时间的推移变化很小,甚至根本没有变化。

在一项新的研究中,来自英属哥伦比亚大学、舍布鲁克大学和康乃尔大学的研究人员一直在开发能够阻断蛋白TMPRSS2的化合物。SARS-CoV-2需要这种蛋白来帮助它的刺突蛋白与细胞膜融合并进入细胞内。相关研究结果发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“A TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic”。

在利用细胞进行的实验中,几种新的化合物抑制了TMPRSS2的活性,有些抑制了这种蛋白80%以上的活性。其中四种最有希望的化合物在非常低的浓度下效果良好,对正常细胞生存没有负面影响。

这些作者接下来对这些表现比较良好的候选化合物进行了筛选,看它们是否能够防止SARS-CoV-2感染宿主细胞。作为其中最有效的化合物,N-0385大大减少了能够进入源自肺部和结肠组织的细胞的病毒载量。利用包括Delta变体在内的新SARS-CoV-2开展实验也取得类似的结果。

这些作者随后在一种重症COVID-19小鼠模型中测试了通过鼻腔给送N-0385。抗病毒鼻腔喷雾剂应该有几个潜在的治疗优势。SARS-CoV-2主要通过鼻子进入人体。鼻腔喷雾剂可以很容易地被人们在家里使用。此外,将药物直接递送到鼻腔和肺部可以减少对身体其他部位的暴露,有可能限制副作用。

基于酮苯并噻唑的模拟肽是有效的TMPRSS2抑制剂。图片来自Nature, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04661-w。

这些作者首先每天给送N-0385一次,从病毒暴露前一天开始到病毒暴露后6天。给送生理盐水对照剂量的10只小鼠中没有一只存活,但是给送N-0385的10只小鼠中有7只存活了。大多数存活下来的小鼠的肺部几乎没有损伤。

当这些作者用较短的疗程重复这一实验时,从病毒暴露前一天到病毒暴露后两天,所有10只给送N-0385的小鼠都活了下来。相比之下,给送生理盐水的10只小鼠中只有一只存活。利用在感染后3天从小鼠体内获得的样本,他们发现,用N-0385治疗的小鼠肺部的病毒载量减少了97%。当实验中只在感染当天给送单剂量的N-0385时,接受治疗的小鼠也有很高的存活率。

这种疗法还显示出对Delta变体的保护。这些实验是在Omicron变体出现之前完成的。然而,由于N-0385对宿主细胞起作用,它很可能能够阻止不同变体使用靶宿主蛋白。

论文通讯作者、康乃尔大学的Hector Aguilar-Carreño博士指出,“与其他类型的COVID-19治疗方法(如单克隆抗体)相比,N-0385疗法的批量生产更简单,成本更低。”

这些作者目前正在与一家生物技术公司合作,制造该候选药物的一个版本,以便在人体内进行测试。

参考资料:

1. Tirosh Shapira et al. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic. Nature, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04661-w.

2. Nasal antiviral blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-nasal-antiviral-blocks-sars-cov-infection.html

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    2023-02-06 liye789132251
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    2022-04-24 yahu
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    2022-04-24 mnda

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