Science: 重大进展!降压药可精准调控伏隔核奖赏神经环路可塑性

2022-03-12 周科 “ 神经周K”公众号

多个神经精神疾病与NAc神经环路紊乱有关:自闭症中背侧纹状体D1-MSNs突触抑制性功能受损、成瘾性疾病中NAc区域D1-MSNs的兴奋性输入增强。

伏隔核 (NAc) 富集表达多巴胺受体 Drd1或Drd2中等棘状神经元D1-MSNs或D2-MSNs,与大脑其他脑区形成多个环路,调控奖赏、动机、情绪等行为。多个神经精神疾病与NAc神经环路紊乱有关:自闭症中背侧纹状体D1-MSNs突触抑制性功能受损、成瘾性疾病中NAc区域D1-MSNs的兴奋性输入增强。

血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 通过裂解血管紧张素 I 产生血管紧张素 II 来调节血压。在大脑中ACE富集表达在背侧纹状体D1-MSNs。抑制ACE活性后可产生以依赖阿片类药物的方式调节纹状体兴奋性突触传递的作用。

通过针对特定的、富集的、表达在神经环路上的分子进行干预实现精准神经环路功能,从而治疗疾病

2022年3月11日明尼苏达大学医学院Patrick E. Rothwell研究团队揭示了精准调控纹状体D1-MSNs环路的分子机制:降压药可通过抑制表达在D1-MSNs的ACE活性,减少七肽脑啡肽MERF的降解,实现特异性降低D1-MSN兴奋性输入。

图1:卡托普利调控ACE活性的信号通路

离体脑片实验表明ACE 抑制剂卡托普利能够引起D1-MSN兴奋性突触的长时程抑制作用(LTD),不影响D2-MSN兴奋性突触传递功能。卡托普利引起的这种LTD作用可被阿片类受体拮抗剂所阻断,这就表明抑制ACE活性后可通过内源性阿片受体降低D1-MSN兴奋性输入。

已有研究表明D2-MSNs局部释放脑啡肽可以调节对 D1-MSNs 的兴奋性突触输入。脑啡肽(ENK)是一种内源性镇痛物质,包括五肽的亮氨酸脑啡肽(LEK)和甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(MEK)两种类型。前脑啡肽基因也编码一种七肽脑啡肽- MERF,与阿片受体具有高亲和力,可被ACE降解。

体外实验表明卡托普利能够增加胞体外MERF的水平,但不影响其他脑啡肽的水平。通过光遗传学技术特异性激活D2-MSNs后能够增加胞体外LEK 和MEK的水平,但不影响MERF水平。但激活D2-MSNs同时孵育卡托普利却仅仅升高MERF水平。

图2:MERF以剂量依赖方式影响兴奋性突触功能

他们进一步发现MERF以剂量依赖方式降低微小兴奋性突触后电流,并且100nM剂量的MERF并不引起上述突触传递的变化,可作为阈值剂量。10μM的卡托普利也不会引起兴奋性突触功能变化。但是它们联合后能够明显降低兴奋性突触后电流的频率。

δ或κ阿片类受体拮抗剂不能阻断上述低剂量MERF和卡托普利协同降低兴奋性突触输入的作用。但μ阿片类受体拮抗剂可阻断这种效应。μ阿片类受体敲除鼠中联合给予低剂量MERF和卡托普利并不会出现预期的兴奋性突触后电流降低的现象,这就表明卡托普利主要通过μ阿片类受体影响D1-MSN兴奋性突触功能。

图3:光纤记录NAc区域D1-MSNs钙离子活性

通过光纤钙成像技术发现光激活NAc区域D1-MSNs后引起该类型神经元活性增强,但在腹腔注射卡托普利后能够减弱这种增强效应。芬太尼能够引起小鼠的条件位置偏好,但在腹腔注射卡多普利后能够损害这种偏好行为。有意思的是,卡托普利能够增强正常状态下的社交活动。

总的来说,本文揭示了卡托普利可抑制ACE活性,减少对MERF的降解,进而激活NAc区域内源性阿片受体信号,减弱D1-MSNs兴奋性输入。

原始出处:

Trieu et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gates brain circuit–specific plasticity via an endogenous opioid. Science 375, 1177–1182 (2022).

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    2022-03-22 胡国宏
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814554, encodeId=7f2218145548b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun Oct 23 16:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204819, encodeId=e9a012048196d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/949453D13700D5D5E2170BDB0CBBEB81/100, createdBy=66e32451407, createdName=胡国宏, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:19:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292134, encodeId=bbbe129213458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Mar 14 14:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376420, encodeId=525113e6420aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Mar 14 14:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403590, encodeId=75bf1403590c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Mon Mar 14 14:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1413695, encodeId=30151413695f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7fe5e4367db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经环路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74367, encryptionId=7fe5e4367db, topicName=神经环路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab173003510, createdName=appleandpeer, createdTime=Mon Mar 14 14:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1615831, encodeId=a50616158310a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f3e82569133' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伏隔核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25691, encryptionId=f3e82569133, topicName=伏隔核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a61819684953, createdName=12498a49m66暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Mar 14 14:41:40 CST 2022, time=2022-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1202184, encodeId=00a6120218458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3231981537e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压药#</a>调节神经通路,说明神经调控是多元性的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98153, encryptionId=3231981537e, topicName=降压药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 13 11:03:45 CST 2022, time=2022-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-14 jichang
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    2022-03-13 医者仁者

    #降压药#调节神经通路,说明神经调控是多元性的

    0

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在开始降压药物治疗的青壮年中,服药依从性差与未来心血管疾病的风险较高相关。这项研究强调了青壮年尽早认真治疗高血压的重要性。

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血压升高是众所周知的、可改变的心血管发病率和死亡率的危险因素,降压药物发挥着重要的心脏保护作用。