Eur Radiol:如何利用冠状动脉钙化信息对急性肺栓塞进行风险评估?

2021-02-24 shaosai MedSci原创

导致右心室功能不全的因素之一是右心室缺血引起的心肌损伤。研究表明,有冠状动脉病史的急性PE患者与总死亡率升高相关。

    急性肺栓塞(PE)患者中,右心室(RV)收缩功能障碍与短期死亡率的增加相关。在CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)成像上的RV功能障碍的间接指标,如RV与左心室(LV)的直径及其比率(RV / LV) ,以及临床表现和实验室心脏生物标记物如肌钙蛋白T水平,目前已用于PE患者的早期危险分层。导致右心室功能不全的因素之一是右心室缺血引起的心肌损伤。研究表明,有冠状动脉病史的急性PE患者与总死亡率升高相关。

    冠状动脉钙化(CAC)是已知的冠状动脉疾病的预测因子。然而,CAC在可疑PE患者中的临床相关性尚不完全清楚。已有研究评估了CAC与急性PE患者长期死亡率的相关性,但与短期死亡率的关系尚不明确。了解这种与短期死亡率的关系,可以在急性PE患者中建立一个简单的附加风险分层参数,可以通过非ecg门控的CTPA进行评估。因此,本研究的目的是评估急性PE中CAC与短期死亡率的关系。


      近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究评估了非心电门控CT肺血管造影(CTPA)所显示的冠状动脉钙化(CAC)与急性肺栓塞(PE)患者短期死亡率的关系,在急性PE患者中建立了一个更为简单的附加风险分层参数,为临床可疑急性PE患者的治疗提供新的指导意见。

    本研究回顾性地纳入了2007年5月至2014年12月期间所有使用ICD-9编码的急性PE并行CTPA和经胸超声心动图的住院患者。CAC定性分为无CAC、轻度CAC、中度CAC和重度CAC。使用logistic回归分析评估了CAC与30天总死亡率和PE相关死亡率的关系。使用嵌套方法评估这些关系的独立性,首先针对年龄和性别进行调整,然后针对整个模型调整RV应变、肌钙蛋白T峰值和心血管危险因素。

    本研究共纳入患者479例(63±16岁,女性52.8%,男性47.2%)。共253例(52.8%)中轻度CAC为143例(29.9%),中度CAC为89 例(18.6%),中度CAC为21例(4.4%)。总死亡率为8.8% (n = 42),任何CAC存在患者的死亡率均更高(12.6% vs. 4.4%;优势比[OR] 3.1 [95%CI 2.1-14.5];p = 0.002)。重度(19.0%;OR 5.1 [95%CI 1.4-17.9];p = 0.011)、中度(11.2%;OR 2.7 [95%CI 1.1-6.8];p = 0.031)以及轻度CAC (12.6%;OR 3.1 [95%CI 1.4-6.9];p = 0.006)的死亡率均高于无CAC。年龄和性别校正后的OR分别为2.7 (95%CI 1.0-7.1;p = 0.050)和2.6 (95%CI 0.9-7.1;p = 0.069)。肺栓塞相关死亡率为4.0% (n = 19),任何CAC存在的患者的死亡率均更高(5.9% vs. 1.8%;OR 3.5 [95%CI 1.1-10.7];p = 0.028)。重度CAC与PE相关的死亡率为9.5%(或5.8 [95%CI 1.0-34.0];p = 0.049),中度CAC为6.7% (OR 4.0 [95%CI 1.1-14.6];p = 0.033),轻度为4.9% (OR 2.9 [95%CI 0.8-9.9];p = 0.099)。校正年龄和性别后的OR分别为4.2 (95%CI 0.9-20.7;p = 0.074)和3.4 (95%CI 0.7 ~ 17.4;p = 0.141)。次大块PE患者也有类似的结果。

表 冠状动脉钙化与患者基本信息、心血管危险因素以及影像学特征和实验室检查的关系,以预测急性PE的早期死亡率。任何CAC存在患者的死亡率均更高。重度、中度以及轻度CAC的死亡率均高于无CAC。

    急性PE患者CAC发生率高,且其存在及程度与短期死亡率相关。CAC的评估可以作为急性PE患者早期风险分层的一种简单易行的方法。


原始出处:

Benedikt H Heidinger,Dominique DaBreo,Rachael R Kirkbride,et al. Risk assessment of acute pulmonary embolism utilizing coronary artery calcifications in patients that have undergone CT pulmonary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography.DOI:10.1007/s00330-020-07385-5

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