Circulation:预防痴呆?可能要从娃娃抓起!

2021-05-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着人口老龄化的深入进展,预防老年人认知功能障碍显得越来越重要。

随着人口老龄化的深入进展,预防老年人认知功能障碍显得越来越重要。其中,亚临床认知障碍,例如记忆、学习和决策方面的减退,可能在认知障碍达到临床可检测水平之前几十年就出现了。

目前有关认知障碍发生的公认风险因素包括教育程度低、高血压、肥胖、2型糖尿病、吸烟、缺乏锻炼、不良饮食习惯以及抑郁症等。以前关于血管危险因素(CVRF)的观察性研究的结果主要集中在中年人,而只有少数研究是从成年早期开始的。

值得注意的是,随着年龄增加,CVRF的作用往往会累积。以前的研究主要集中在个体CVRF暴露的影响上,而很少有研究集中在CVRF累积与认知表现或痴呆症风险之间的联系上。同时,仅有少数具有成年期数据的研究集中在纵向测量的成年期CVRF累积对认知的影响。

因此,来自芬兰图尔库大学应用和预防心血管医学研究中心的专家假设,自童年以来CVRF的纵向积累可能与自童年以来的认知表现有关,并开展了相关研究。结果发表在最新的《循环》Circulation杂志上。

从1980年开始,一个由3596名儿童(3-18岁)组成的基于人群的队列被反复随访了31年。在每次随访中,研究人员都评估了参与者的血压、血脂和体重指数(BMI)。从童年到中年的CVRF轨迹是使用潜在的阶层增长混合模型确定的。认知测试在2026名年龄在34-49岁的参与者中使用计算机化测试进行。针对个体CVRF和CVRF累积,研究了CVRF轨迹和认知表现之间的联系。

收缩压 (A)、血清总胆固醇(B)和体重指数(C)从童年到中年的轨迹

结果显示,与持续的低值相比,持续的高收缩压(β=–0.262)和血清总胆固醇(β=–0.214)与中年时期情节记忆和联想学习能力更差相关。与正常体重相比,儿童时期的肥胖与视觉处理和持续注意力更差有关(β=–0.407)。

同时,研究人员还观察到CVRF累积与情节记忆和联想学习 (3个CVRFs:β=–0.390)、视觉处理和持续注意力(3个CVRFs:β=–0.443)以及反应力和运动时间(2个CVRFs:β=–0.164 SD[95%置信区间,–0.318至–0.010]) 均呈负相关。

心血管危险因素评分组的描述性特征

为此,研究人员指出,从童年到中年,纵向收缩压升高、高血清总胆固醇和肥胖与中年认知能力呈负相关。值得注意的是,心血管危险因素的数量越多,中年时的认知表现越差。

因此,从儿童时期就开始针对心血管危险因素采取预防策略,可能有利于在成年期从根本上促进认知健康。

 

参考文献:

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Trajectories Since Childhood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052358

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    2021-05-20 124292adm29暂无昵称

    预防痴呆,从小做起

    0

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    2021-05-14 风在发端35

    从**时期抓起

    0

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    2021-05-14 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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