心肌梗死为何发生心源性休克?

2018-03-10 佚名 嘉音

心源性休克是由于心脏功能异常所引起的泵功能下降的一种疾病状态(又称之为“泵衰竭“和”动力衰竭“),表现为血压下降、心率增快、脉搏细弱、全身软弱无力、面色苍白、皮肤湿冷、紫绀、尿少或尿闭、神志模糊不清、烦躁或昏迷。其最常见的原因的是急性心肌梗死所引起的严重左心室功能障碍。

心源性休克是由于心脏功能异常所引起的泵功能下降的一种疾病状态(又称之为“泵衰竭“和”动力衰竭“),表现为血压下降、心率增快、脉搏细弱、全身软弱无力、面色苍白、皮肤湿冷、紫绀、尿少或尿闭、神志模糊不清、烦躁或昏迷。其最常见的原因的是急性心肌梗死所引起的严重左心室功能障碍。

美国国家心肌梗死注册数据库的研究表明,伴发心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者中29%在接诊时即为休克,71%在住院期间发展为休克。此外,心源性休克也是急性心肌梗死患者的主要死因,并占到STEMI患者溶栓治疗后死亡患者死因的60%。



急性心肌梗死为何发生心源性休克?

急性心肌梗死发生心源性休克的原因如下:

左室衰竭是心源性休克最常见的原因,其它常见原因有右心室梗死所致的右心室功能不全、急性二尖瓣反流、室间隔缺损及左室游离壁破裂等。

梗死延展和梗死心肌的扩张

梗死延展和梗死心肌的扩张是急性心肌梗死伴发心源性休克的重要原因之一。梗死延展是坏死区域向梗死边缘缺血区域的延展。梗死心肌扩张过程中没有坏死过程的进展,而是由于心室收缩期的切应力使得坏死心肌的肌束断裂,导致梗死区域变薄和扩张,进而导致左心室功能的恶化。心源性休克时冠状动脉灌注压下降影响心室泵血,使得心排出量下降,进而进一步降低了心脏和其他重要器官的灌注,从而形成恶性循环。

右心室梗死所致的右心室功能不全

右室功能不全为主的心源性休克占到AMI伴发心源性休克的5%。传统观念认为,右心室功能不全性休克患者的治疗侧重于维持适当的右室充盈压以维持心排出量和适当的左室前负荷。然而,由于此时患者的右室舒张末期压较高,常>20mmHg,导致室间隔向左室腔移动,这种凸向左室的机械作用降低了左室充盈,同时这种几何形态的改变也降低了左室的收缩功能。因此,右室休克时积极的补液治疗并非十分恰当,在一定程度上并有误导性。

心源性休克时由于左室泵血功能下降,心排出量减少,反射性地引起血管收缩和体液潴留。同时肾脏灌注降低激活了肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、血管紧张素Ⅱ及血管加压素水平升高,从而使得冠状动脉和外周灌注得到改善。但这种改善是以增加后负荷作为代价,这种后负荷的增加可进一步恶化心肌缺血。心源性休克时缺血和再灌注过程中再灌注损伤随之发生,并促发各种炎症过程。肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素6等炎症介质升高,降低心肌收缩力,并诱发了冠状动脉内皮细胞功能紊乱,进而减少了冠状动脉血流和其他器官的血流灌注,促发和参与了系统性炎症反应综合征的发生。

最后,心源性休克的发展过程中医源性因素的作用也不容忽视。3/4的伴发心源性休克急性心肌梗死患者在入院后出现休克,住院期间的药物使用是休克发生和发展的因素。已经证明β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、利尿剂和吗啡均与休克相关。

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    2018-03-13 虈亣靌

    很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累.

    0

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    2018-03-12 mhm295
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=295885, encodeId=66fa295885ec, content=很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Mar 13 18:38:19 CST 2018, time=2018-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1332134, encodeId=10ee133213449, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88f9510800b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心源性休克#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51080, encryptionId=88f9510800b, topicName=心源性休克)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e3fb2500073, createdName=124987cdm26暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Mar 12 09:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593468, encodeId=fd64159346826, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9850510e9a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51079, encryptionId=9850510e9a3, topicName=心源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=955718147815, createdName=mhm295, createdTime=Mon Mar 12 09:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=295003, encodeId=d03b29500363, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Mar 11 00:13:03 CST 2018, time=2018-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=294928, encodeId=c93329492888, content=很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sat Mar 10 18:55:48 CST 2018, time=2018-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-11 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-03-10 虈亣靌

    很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累.

    0

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急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是儿童常见的恶性肿瘤,越来越多的证据显示其与遗传易感性相关。TP53是重要的抑癌基因,在多种肿瘤中检测到TP53的突变。近日,《JCO》发表的一项研究在大样本量的儿童ALL患者检测TP53的胚系突变,并探索致病性突变与患者治疗疗效和预后的关系。

遇到血压严重升高怎么办?医生版:

高血压急症是临床常见急症,多数患者病情危重,若不及时有效处理,可能后果严重。根据病因及合并症不同,高血压急症的处理策略也存在很大差异。充分了解不同类型高血压急症的处理原则,对于改善患者预后具有重要意义。

Diabetes Care:急性心肌梗塞急慢性血糖升高的预后价值!

在AMI糖尿病患者中,A/C血糖比率比入院时血糖能更好地预测发病率和死亡率。

病例:房颤栓子脱落致急性下壁心肌梗死1例

房颤导致冠脉栓塞引起的STEMI,其诊断依据应包含哪些要点?针对此类患者,应如何制定合理的抗栓药物方案?

7张图教你判断急性ST段抬高型心梗闭塞部位

急诊心电图明确提示是急性ST段抬高型心梗,当williamhill asia 快速说出其中可能发生急性闭塞的罪犯血管时,急诊医生总会问起:你是如何根据心电图判断出急性ST段抬高型心梗罪犯血管的呢?

中国卒中杂志:急性爆发性鼻脑型毛霉菌感染致海绵窦血栓形成发病一例

患者,男,42岁,因“左眼疼痛、视力下降5天,加重伴肢体无力4小时”入院。患者于入院前5 d无诱因自觉左眼胀痛,左眼睑下垂伴视物成双,当地医院CT示左眼视神经较右侧增粗。