JAMA子刊:我国学者:新生儿听力筛查与遗传筛查相结合的评估报告

2021-09-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

听力损失是最常见的先天性感觉障碍,可以是单独的缺陷,也可以是其他器官也受到影响。

听力损失是最常见的先天性感觉障碍,可以是单独的缺陷,也可以是其他器官也受到影响。据报道,永久性儿童听力损失(PCHL)发病率为0.3-15.0/1000婴儿。在早期阶段错过PCHL的诊断可能会导致儿童的终身影响,如语言延迟和学术及社会情感困难。

对患有听力损失的新生儿进行早期识别和干预可能会导致生理和社会情感方面的改善。目前的新生儿听力筛查总体上是有益的,但仍可加以改进。为了评估修改后的新生儿遗传和听力筛查项目的可行性,并评价其效用,来自我国南通大学附属南通市妇幼保健院临床医学研究中心的专家开展了一项研究,结果发表在JAMA Network Open杂志上。

这项基于人群的队列研究在中国南通市的6家地方医院采用了4个阶段的遗传和听力筛查计划。参与者为2016年1月至2020年6月期间出生的汉族新生儿。对所有新生儿同时提供4个常见的听力障碍相关基因的15个变体的有限遗传筛查和新生儿听力筛查(NHS)。对于在NHS上有HL证据或在筛查时有基因变异的婴儿,提供听力重新筛查和/或诊断性测试。

主要结果和措施是通过常规听力筛查的听力障碍婴儿,以及因遗传易感性而有迟发HL风险的听力正常的婴儿的检测能力。

在总共35930名婴儿中,32512名婴儿完成了随访并被纳入分析。在纳入分析的婴儿中,所有的婴儿都是汉族,52.3%(16988)是男婴。修改后的遗传和听力筛查项目发现了142例听力损失和1299例遗传变异。

试验流程

总的来说,有限的基因筛查有助于发现31名通过新生儿听力筛查的婴儿,减少了诊断和干预的时间;425名听力正常但有致病性SLC26A4变异的婴儿和92名有MT-RNR1变异的婴儿分别有前庭导水管扩大和氨基糖苷类药物引起的耳毒性的风险。

在50名经基因变异鉴定为HL的婴儿中,62.0%(31/50)通过了新生儿听力筛查。此外,值得注意的是,大多数遗漏的病例(77.4%;24/31)都有严重的听力损失。因此,将基因筛查纳入新生儿听力筛查有助于发现更多患有听力损失的新生儿,并缩短诊断和干预的时间。

本研究发现,在新生儿中进行改良的遗传和听力筛查是可行的,并提供证据表明该方案可以识别出更多需要早期干预的婴儿亚群。

 

参考文献:

Zhu Q, Li M, Zhuang X, et al. Assessment of Hearing Screening Combined With Limited and Expanded Genetic Screening for Newborns in Nantong, China. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2125544. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25544

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    2022-05-01 赛华佗
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    2021-09-20 ysjykql
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    2021-09-19 乙娆

    希望早日普及

    0

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听觉和触觉代表了两种不同的感官系统,两者都依赖于机械力量到电子信号的转化。最近,有研究人员利用一系列的定量感官测试来检测对照组青少年(14-20岁)和年龄匹配的具有先天性耳聋群体的探头接触、热效率和疼痛敏感度。感官测试在111名正常个体和36名具有先天性耳聋个体的优势手中进行。和对照组比较,患有先天耳聋的群体通过显著更高的震动检测阈值进行鉴定,10Hz(2倍增加,P<0.001)和125Hz

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Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol:使用基于智能手机的耳声发射设备进行新生儿听力筛查

研究人员比较了基于智能手机的声发射(OAE)筛查设备与市售 OAE 筛查设备的筛查结果。结果发现,与市售设备相比,基于移动医疗的 OAE 设备在 NHS 结果方面表现出了良好的一致性。

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol:听力损失相关基因的突变特征分析:赣南 119606 名新生儿的多中心研究

研究人员测定了赣南人群中听力损失(HL)相关基因突变的检出率,分析了遗传性 HL 的分子病因和风险因素。

JAMA子刊:“扩大基因组测序+听力筛查”在新生儿重症监护室中的应用

扩大基因组测序结合听力筛查与听力筛查漏诊的转诊率和潜在听力损失病例数的增加相关。

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg:城市低收入公立幼儿园中,儿童早期听力筛查计划的结果如何?

评估了低收入家庭学龄前儿童听力筛查项目的结果以及这一人群的听力损失的风险因素。

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol:将先天性巨细胞病毒筛查纳入新生儿听力筛查项目中值得吗?

最近,有研究人员审查了将先天性巨细胞病毒(cCMV)筛查项目推广到全州范围内的永久性普及新生儿听力筛查(UNHS)项目中的潜在影响和障碍。

爱耳日|新生儿听力筛查“未通过”,该怎么办?

2018年3月3日是第19次全国“爱耳日”,今年的活动主题是“听见未来,从预防开始”。2006年全国残疾人抽样调查结果显示,我国听力残疾者有2780万人,占残疾人总数的33.51%,其中7岁以下的聋儿达80多万,每年新增聋儿3万余名。十多年过去了,“耳聋”“听力筛查”等越来越受到社会和家庭的关注,大多数新生儿能够进行听力普遍筛查(universal newborn hearing screeni