Cell:渐冻症新机制被揭示,致病基因阻碍了神经元中RNA“搭便车”

2019-09-24 不详 生物探索

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)又被称为“渐冻症”,是四大常见的神经退行性疾病之一,也是一种罕见的,目前无法治愈的疾病。常发年龄为40~60岁,男性患者占60%,女性患者占40%。发病原因到目前为止仍不明确。


RNA颗粒(蓝色)通过与溶酶体(红色)结合而在细胞周围移动。

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)又被称为“渐冻症”,是四大常见的神经退行性疾病之一,也是一种罕见的,目前无法治愈的疾病。常发年龄为40~60岁,男性患者占60%,女性患者占40%。发病原因到目前为止仍不明确。

近日,由美国国立卫生研究院下属的美国国立神经系统疾病和中风研究所的研究人员Michael Ward博士领导的一项研究揭示了ALS的致病分子机制。相关研究结果发表在《Cell》杂志上。


DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.050

williamhill asia 知道,神经元和其他细胞的主要工作一样,不断地制造蛋白质。制造蛋白质的指令编码在染色体DNA上,并储存在细胞核中。当DNA指令被转录成RNA时,RNA就被包装成颗粒,并从细胞核运送到细胞的其他部分进行组装。RNA转运是保持细胞正常运作的关键部分。与其他细胞不同的是,神经元中的RNA要在细胞内进行长距离运输,才能到达轴突或者树突分支。所以,它们往往会搭乘溶酶体的“便车”。

最新研究发现,膜联蛋白A11基因(annexin A11,一种与ALS的罕见形式相关的基因)在这一过程中发挥了作用,它帮助RNA颗粒附着在游动的溶酶体上。而在患有ALS的人中,这种转运可能会出错。膜联蛋白A11的致病突变阻止了RNA搭便车,从而导致RNA颗粒无法附着在溶酶体上,进而也阻止了RNA被传递到神经元的远端。如果RNA无法到达需要的地方来制造蛋白质,那么神经元可能难以生存或无法正确地向其他细胞发出信号。

同时,这项新研究也重新定义了溶酶体的新功能,它承担着双重责任:兼职作为RNA转运体后,溶酶体便可以发挥其传统的功能,即从周围环境吸收和消化分子。此前,溶酶体一直被认为是在细胞内游荡的“垃圾桶”,用来清理废物。


图中annexin A11引导搭便车通过神经元

ALS作为一种瘫痪性、高度致命的神经退行性疾病,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。理解神经元“搭便车”这种行为可能会带来ALS的新治疗方法。

根据美国ALS协会的数据,20%左右的ALS患者能存活5~10年,10%的人能存活10~20年,仅有5%的人能存活20年以上。大家熟悉的霍金从21岁确诊ALS活到了76岁,从临床上看显然是个奇迹。目前ALS无特效药可治,一般靠进口药利鲁唑(力如太)来缓解病情,但使用此药每月大致需要花费5000元至6000元,令人高兴的是早在2017年我国已经该药纳入医保乙类药物目录。

原始出处:

Ya-Cheng Liao, Michael S. Fernandopulle, Guozhen Wang, et.al. RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether. Cell VOLUME 179, ISSUE 1, P147-164.E20, SEPTEMBER 19, 2019

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    2020-08-08 维他命
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    2019-09-26 xjy02
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    2019-09-24 坚强007

    祈求科研人员早日攻克渐冻症ALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化),救救痛苦的病人和家属

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北大“渐冻症”女博士的多能干细胞将用于攻克渐冻症

身患“渐冻症”的北大博士娄滔曾口述医嘱,自己的遗体凡可用于研究的器官全部捐献,如今已如她所愿。