Movement disorders:大脑代谢与前驱和早期帕金森病中的多巴胺能失调有关

2022-08-23 Freeman MedSci原创

在前驱期和早期PD阶段,与多巴胺能神经支配有关的各个脑区的代谢反应的轨迹是不同的。

孤立的快速眼动睡眠行为障碍(iRBD)被认为是帕金森病(PD)的最可靠的前驱标志。大量证据表明,iRBD患者已经有神经退行性改变,包括黑质多巴胺缺失和大脑代谢异常。多巴胺转运体(DAT)成像研究显示,iRBD的DAT可用性是PD早期阶段和正常状况之间的中间水平,表明iRBD患者在黑质多巴胺能投射方面有早期的神经退行性。在代谢活动方面,iRBD患者通常表现为额叶皮层、海马体和盆腔的相对代谢增加,枕叶、顶叶和颞叶皮层的代谢减少,这被称为快速眼动睡眠行为障碍(RBD)相关的代谢模式。然而,这些亚区的代谢活动似乎随着疾病的进展而发生异质性改变。

图1: 论文封面图


尽管多巴胺能和代谢成像标志物被用于iRBD患者,以了解该疾病的病理机制并预测表象转化,但只有有限的证据表明这两种成像标志物之间的相互作用。以前的研究表明,PD患者的纹状体多巴胺能功能与前额叶和顶枕叶皮层的代谢活动呈正相关,与小脑和盆腔的代谢活动呈负相关,尽管各研究的结果存在一些矛盾。

在最近一项关于路易体痴呆症(DLB)的研究中,纹状体多巴胺的可用性与基底神经节和边缘系统中明显的代谢增加之间存在负相关。这些观察结果可能提供了有关针对多巴胺能失调的病理和补偿性代谢反应的关键信息。然而,目前仍不清楚这种变化是否出现在疾病的前驱阶段,以及大脑代谢活动如何随着多巴胺能缺乏的进展而发生转变。


藉此,韩国Inha University College of Medicine的 Ryul Kim等人,通过横断面和纵向数据分析,评估了黑质多巴胺能缺失与iRBD和早期PD患者的脑部葡萄糖代谢之间的关系。在横断面分析中,他们假设黑质多巴胺能变性的进展是一个连续的过程,从正常状态到iRBD,然后到新的PD与RBD。

在这种假设下,他们首先进行了基于区域的分析,以调查新发、未用药的PD与可能的RBD(denovoPD)患者、iRBD患者和健康对照组中纹状体的DAT可用性和葡萄糖代谢情况。接下来,他们进行了体素分析,以调查纹状体多巴胺能损失和全脑代谢活动之间的联系。

最后,调查了多巴胺能丧失的不同阶段的代谢连接模式。在纵向分析中,他们利用4年的随访数据探讨了iRBD患者纹状体DAT可用性和大脑葡萄糖代谢的变化之间的关系。

这项队列研究包括28名经多导睡眠图证实的iRBD患者、24名可能有快速眼动睡眠行为障碍的新发PD患者(denovoPD)和28名健康对照者(HCs),他们接受了两次18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(所有参与者)和18F-N-3-氟丙基-2β-羧基甲氧基-3β-(4-碘苯基)-降压剂(除了一名denovoPD患者和15名HCs)的正电子发射体层扫描。

他们分析了纹状体和体素的全脑葡萄糖代谢与黑质多巴胺能完整性的关系,并比较研究了各组之间的全脑代谢连接。他们还评估了iRBD组4年来的纵向代谢变化与进行性多巴胺能失调的关系。

图2:论文结果图

从HCs到iRBD,最后到新发PD,多巴胺能的完整性与尾状体的代谢活动呈正相关,而在后置放脑中则观察到负相关。在iRBD组中,下眶额叶皮层的代谢活动在基线时有增加,但在4年的随访中,在上眶额叶皮层和上额回新观察到负相关。

与denovoPD组和HC组相比,iRBD组的顶枕部皮层的区域内和区域间的代谢连接性增强。在iRBD组,通过推进多巴胺能去势,整体代谢连接得到加强,基底神经节-前额连接也得到加强。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在前驱期和早期PD阶段,与多巴胺能神经支配有关的各个脑区的代谢反应的轨迹是不同的

 


原文出处:
Kim R, Kim H, Kim YK, et al. Brain Metabolic Correlates of Dopaminergic Denervation in Prodromal and Early Parkinson’s Disease. _Movement Disorders_. Published online August 12, 2022:mds.29177. doi:[10.1002/mds.29177](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29177)

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    2023-02-06 anminleiryan
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    2023-01-29 cmsvly
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