Lancet子刊:首次临床证据表明抗药性疟疾突变与延迟寄生虫清除有关

2021-04-15 Sunny MedSci原创

新的研究数据提供了第一个临床证据,证明疟原虫恶性疟原虫的耐药突变可能正在非洲站稳脚跟。

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研究发现,在非洲,突变与用普通青蒿素联合疗法(ACTs)治疗的疟疾儿童寄生虫延迟清除有关。虽然迄今为止药物疗效仍然很高,但作者呼吁加强该地区的监测。

新的研究数据提供了第一个临床证据,证明疟原虫恶性疟原虫的耐药突变可能正在非洲站稳脚跟。这项研究在卢旺达进行,发表在《柳叶刀传染病》杂志上,首次发现这些突变与延迟寄生虫清除有关,这是在东南亚开始出现青蒿素耐药性时首次出现的。

研究还发现,这些突变比先前的研究报告更为普遍,表明突变可能传播,并引起人们对抗药性进一步地理分布的担忧。

据估计,全世界有2.29亿例疟疾病例,2019年有40.9万人死于疟疾,其中27.4万例(67%)在5岁以下的儿童中。94%的疟疾病例和死亡发生在非洲,专家们长期以来一直担心整个非洲大陆可能出现耐药性。虽然目前疗法的疗效仍然很高,但作者呼吁在卢旺达以及邻国进行更深入的监测,以帮助监测突变的传播,并为公共卫生行动提供信息。

突变可以自发地出现,先前的研究已经指出了孤立的耐药性病例。然而,这项新研究表明,耐药隔离物开始变得越来越普遍,最重要的是,与临床影响有关(寄生虫清除延迟)。

共同作者、美国总统疟疾倡议疾病预防控制中心驻地顾问Naomi Lucchi博士补充说:“williamhill asia 的研究表明,卢旺达疟疾的治疗仍然有效94%,但迫切需要新的研究和持续的监测。”

2000年代初推出的以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法(ACTs)是目前最有效和最广泛地用于治疗恶性疟原虫引起的疟疾的方法。ACT 结合青蒿素成分,在三天内清除患者体内的大部分寄生虫,以及清除剩余寄生虫的长效伙伴药物。

如果寄生虫在治疗第三天后仍然存在(称为延迟寄生虫清除),则怀疑对 ACT 的青蒿素成分有抵抗力。这种耐药性与携带恶性疟原虫凯尔奇13基因(pfk13)突变的寄生虫有关。目前pfk13中的10个突变已被确认为青蒿素部分耐药性(包括R561H、P574L和C580Y)的标记物,其他几个突变(称为候选标记)已被确定为可能与耐药性相关。

2008年,柬埔寨首次发现部分青蒿素耐药性。现在,C580Y突变在许多东南亚国家已广为人知。来自湄公河地区的证据表明,一旦青蒿素耐药性变得普遍,对伴侣药物的耐药性往往随之而来,导致ACT治疗失败。

2006年,卢旺达引进了甲醚-发光素(一种ACT,也是使用最广泛的抗疟药物)作为疟疾的一线治疗方法。世界卫生组织建议至少每两年进行一次疗效研究,以监测ACTs的疗效和通过分子标记跟踪耐药性。当 ACT 疗效被确认低于 90% 时,建议使用有效的抗疟药物进行替代。

2013-2015年在卢旺达鲁胡哈和马萨卡对1-14岁儿童进行了一项此类研究。R561H突变在马萨卡收集的P.4%P.falciparum寄生虫中观察到,2013-2015年和2015年在马萨卡和鲁胡哈收集的分离物中报告了P574L突变的低流行率。然而,没有发现这些突变的存在与延迟寄生虫清除有关,在这两个地点,ACT的疗效被证实超过97%

2018年,又进行了一项疗效研究,其结果发表在本文中。pfk13 R561H P574L 突变分别存在于 12.8% 28/218 0.9% 2/218 的预处理样本中。这项研究首次表明,pfk13 R561H突变与延迟寄生虫清除有关,尽管关节-发光素的疗效仍然很高。对pfk13 R561H突变体的基因分析表明,它们的共同祖先和当地血统在卢旺达。

这项研究是在卢旺达的三个地点(马萨卡、鲁卡拉和布加拉马)进行的。2246个月至5岁的儿童感染了恶性疟原虫,接受为期三天的关节-发光素治疗,并监测28天,每周采集血液。8/51 (15.7%)马萨卡和12/82的参与者(14.6%)根据世卫组织的部分耐药性标准,在鲁卡拉治疗后三天内可检测到寄生虫。治疗效果估计为94-97%

美国加州大学旧金山分校的菲利普·罗森塔尔教授(Philip Rosenthal)在一篇连线评论中写道:"最近的数据表明,williamhill asia 正处在非洲临床上有意义的青蒿素耐药性的边缘,正如十多年前在东南亚出现的那样。随着耐药基因型的出现和持续的重药压力,williamhill asia 可能预计耐药性会持续选择。青蒿素活性丧失反过来又会威胁 ACT 合作伙伴的药物。关键抗逆转录病毒药物,特别是最广泛使用的抗疟药物——乙醚-发光素的疗效丧失,可能会产生可怕的后果,例如20世纪末氯奎因耐药性导致疟疾死亡人数大幅增加时的情况。虽然无法预测非洲耐药性进展的速度,但密切监测青蒿素和伙伴耐药性的基因和表型证据,并迅速更换失败的治疗方案,可能会挽救许多生命。

原文链接:(该链接将在封禁解除时上线)

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(21)00142-0/fulltext

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    2021-04-16 七安

    三人行,必有我师。 #williamhill asia 医学科研互助群# 欢迎您的加入,添加【williamhill asia 医学科研助手WeChat:medsci_2021】邀您进群! 【社群简介】👉 williamhill asia 医学目前已建立覆盖肿瘤、心血管、神经、消化、内分泌、呼吸等30个科室的学习交流社群。 【入群福利】👉 群内可实时交流病例,提问同行,跨群讨论,每天更新前沿医学威廉亚洲官网 和威廉亚洲博彩公司 共识,每周推出至少1场专业直播,不时共享科研干货,入群即可获得100份SCI写作攻略!

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636098, encodeId=371d163609859, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=934b23012e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床证据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23012, encryptionId=934b23012e9, topicName=临床证据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25622584555, createdName=more is better!, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 13:55:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831121, encodeId=3d3b183112129, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 18:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=957511, encodeId=97d595e5114d, content=三人行,必有我师。 <a href='/topic/show?id=d55f104233bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#williamhill asia 医学科研互助群#</a> 欢迎您的加入,添加【williamhill asia 医学科研助手WeChat:medsci_2021】邀您进群! 【社群简介】👉 williamhill asia 医学目前已建立覆盖肿瘤、心血管、神经、消化、内分泌、呼吸等30个科室的学习交流社群。 【入群福利】👉 群内可实时交流病例,提问同行,跨群讨论,每天更新前沿医学威廉亚洲官网 和威廉亚洲博彩公司 共识,每周推出至少1场专业直播,不时共享科研干货,入群即可获得100份SCI写作攻略!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=104233, encryptionId=d55f104233bd, topicName=williamhill asia 医学科研互助群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210413/a7082efd72134f339011deffae56d660/9f9bdab2a00341ce92bf6fd196c67f81.png, createdBy=4e205474392, createdName=七安, createdTime=Fri Apr 16 10:01:40 CST 2021, time=2021-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495396, encodeId=d5a21495396a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cdd8556826f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗药性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55682, encryptionId=cdd8556826f, topicName=抗药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sat Apr 17 13:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034270, encodeId=8c9610342e0e1, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Fri Apr 16 01:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636098, encodeId=371d163609859, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=934b23012e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床证据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23012, encryptionId=934b23012e9, topicName=临床证据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25622584555, createdName=more is better!, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 13:55:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831121, encodeId=3d3b183112129, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 18:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=957511, encodeId=97d595e5114d, content=三人行,必有我师。 <a href='/topic/show?id=d55f104233bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#williamhill asia 医学科研互助群#</a> 欢迎您的加入,添加【williamhill asia 医学科研助手WeChat:medsci_2021】邀您进群! 【社群简介】👉 williamhill asia 医学目前已建立覆盖肿瘤、心血管、神经、消化、内分泌、呼吸等30个科室的学习交流社群。 【入群福利】👉 群内可实时交流病例,提问同行,跨群讨论,每天更新前沿医学威廉亚洲官网 和威廉亚洲博彩公司 共识,每周推出至少1场专业直播,不时共享科研干货,入群即可获得100份SCI写作攻略!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=104233, encryptionId=d55f104233bd, topicName=williamhill asia 医学科研互助群)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210413/a7082efd72134f339011deffae56d660/9f9bdab2a00341ce92bf6fd196c67f81.png, createdBy=4e205474392, createdName=七安, createdTime=Fri Apr 16 10:01:40 CST 2021, time=2021-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495396, encodeId=d5a21495396a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cdd8556826f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗药性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55682, encryptionId=cdd8556826f, topicName=抗药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sat Apr 17 13:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034270, encodeId=8c9610342e0e1, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Fri Apr 16 01:55:56 CST 2021, time=2021-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-16 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

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