Science:williamhill asia 的寿命多大程度由基因决定?只有16%!

2018-03-05 佚名 生物探索

最新刊登在Science上的一项研究发表了可能是有史以来最大的家谱:这一里程碑式的数据集关联了有血缘或婚姻关系的1300万人,平均跨越11代。而正是基于这一庞大的家谱,科学家们得出了以上结论。


图片来源:Science(DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9309)

最新刊登在Science上的一项研究发表了可能是有史以来最大的家谱:这一里程碑式的数据集关联了有血缘或婚姻关系的1300万人,平均跨越11代。而正是基于这一庞大的家谱,科学家们得出了以上结论。

在这篇题为“Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives”的论文中,哥伦比亚大学的计算生物学家Yaniv Erlich及其同事分析了这一家谱上的人的出生和死亡日期,并评估了如果他们是近亲,是否更有可能死于相似的年龄。

结果显示,遗传只解释了这些人寿命差异的不到五分之一。大部分的差异都归结于其他因素,如,人们的居住地和生活方式。同时,研究还表明,影响长寿的基因是独立起作用,而不是相互作用。

Erlich说:“‘好的’基因可能会使一个人的寿命平均延长5年,但一些环境因素对长寿的影响更大,例如,吸烟能够减去10年寿命。”

尽管先前科学家们已经怀疑,环境对人类寿命的影响要大于基因(2001年的一项研究曾估计,基因决定了人类寿命变化的约四分之一),但这项新成果表明,基因的作用可能比研究人员想象得更少。对于致力于寻找长寿基因的科学家们来说,这意味着,实现他们的目标或许要加困难了。


This 6,000-person family tree was cleaned and organized using graph theory. Individuals are shown in green, spanning seven generations; marriages are depicited in red.Credit: Columbia University

庞大数据

事实上,遗传学家们利用家谱来研究遗传特征如何影响性状(如,疾病风险)已经有很长时间了。但是,要形成包含大量人口的家庭记录数据集,成本很高,且难度很大。目前,有很多科学家小组正在开展相关研究,其中,一些已经鉴定出了与癌症和阿尔茨海默症等疾病相关的基因。

Erlich的研究使用的是来自在线家谱工具Geni.com(全球最大的合作家谱网站之一,用户在Geni上分享他们的家谱)的数据。他现在是Geni母公司MyHeritage的首席科学官。

Erlich关于这一研究的最初想法要追溯到7年前。当时,他通过Geni.com从一个远房亲戚那里收到了一封电子邮件,然后联系了该公司的首席技术官,获得了下载该网站上数千万公开资料的权利。这些资料包括用户的姓名、性别、出生日期和地点、死亡日期以及直系亲属,但没有DNA信息。最终,他们分析了来自约8600万人的数据。

加州大学旧金山分校的计算基因组学专家Atul Butte说:“这种级别的参与者数量是疯狂的。科学家们也只能通过众包(crowdsourcing)获得这样的数据集。这真是太令人印象深刻了。”


图片来源:网络

其他发现

除了调查基因和环境对寿命的影响,Erlich团队还利用这些数据分析了人们移民和结婚的模式。结果发现,在1750年之前,数据集中的大多数美国人和欧洲人,都与“居住在离他们出生地最多10公里处的人”结婚。到1950年,大多数美国人和欧洲人都要到离家至少100公里的地方去寻找配偶。

Erlich说:“所有这些都有助于williamhill asia 理解基因是如何在一个地理区域内传播的。”他还表示,目前的这些发现仅仅触及了这一庞大家谱潜在用途的表面。现在,他的团队已经开始利用一个叫DNA.Land的网站来进一步研究这一家谱。在DNA.Land上,用户会分享他们的DNA基因分型数据(这些数据来自一些公司提供的消费者DNA测试服务,如23andMe、MyHeritage),并填写健康调查。


Yaniv Erlich. (MyHeritage)

意义重大

未参与该研究的昆士兰大学遗传学家Peter Visscher说:“这项研究非常聪明地利用众包数据来解决许多有趣的科学问题。如果能够它能够与健康信息联系起来,探究基因在疾病中的作用,那么将带来更大的意义。”

犹他大学的遗传学家Lisa Cannon-Albright则表示:“Erlich等的发现证明了极大家谱的力量。这类资源将是未来遗传学研究一个强有力的部分。”

此外,牛津大学的人口统计学家Melinda Mills认为,对于公众科学(citizen science)来说,这是一个激动人心的时刻。该研究很好地展示了数以百万计的普通人如何对科学产生影响。

原始出处:

Joanna Kaplanis, Assaf Gordon, Tal Shor, et.al. Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives. Science 01 Mar 2018

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    2018-03-09 杨利洪

    学习了提高了

    0

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    2018-03-09 杨利洪

    学习了学习了

    0

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    2018-03-07 jichang
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    2018-03-06 祝您健康

    疾病控制很关键

    0

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    2018-03-06 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-03-05 有备才能无患

    最新刊登在Science上的一项研究发表了可能是有史以来最大的家谱:这一里程碑式的数据集关联了有血缘或**关系的1300万人.平均跨越11代.而正是基于这一庞大的家谱.科学家们得出了以上结论.

    0

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    2018-03-05 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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williamhill asia 对影响人类的疾病了解越多,也就能能越好地控制它们。但是,williamhill asia 是否能够克服万千生灵都无法避免的痛苦——衰老? 人类已经战胜的疾病数不胜数,包括脊髓灰质炎、伤寒、麻疹、破伤风、黄热病、天花、白喉以及水痘等,它们几乎在世界许多地方被完全消灭。疫苗和强大的药物使人类能够对抗可能杀死williamhill asia 的细菌、寄生虫和病毒。

Lancet Oncol:颠覆认知!男性肥胖患者活的更长?!

导 读 肥胖悖论是指有悖于原来的肥胖结论,肥胖未必缩短患者的预期存活时间,甚至在一些情况下可能反而产生“益处”。最近一项研究就显示,肥胖可增加转移性黑色素瘤患者的生存时间。

Nat Commun:研究发现FDA批准的这种降压药还能延长寿命!

UT西南医学中心的研究人员发现,FDA批准的用于治疗高血压的药物似乎通过可能模拟热量限制的细胞信号传导途径延长了蠕虫的寿命。