Birth:正念训练可将不必要的剖腹产几率降低 50%

2021-07-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界卫生组织 (WHO) 已要求减少在分娩期间使用非紧急产科干预措施,例如使用不必要的剖腹产 (CB)。。常见的非紧急产科干预措施包括硬膜外镇痛 (EA) 和 CB。包含 EA 的分娩比例在法国为 7

世界卫生组织 (WHO) 已要求减少在分娩期间使用非紧急产科干预措施,例如使用不必要的剖腹产 (CB)。常见的非紧急产科干预措施包括硬膜外镇痛 (EA) 和 CB。包含 EA 的分娩比例在法国为 77%,在美国为73%,在瑞典为44%。中国 28% 的孕妇要求 CB 。

尽管 EA 和 CB 是有价值的产科成就,但它们并非没有风险。例如,EA 与辅助阴道分娩和新生儿的较低 Apgar 评分相关。 CB 导致严重急性产妇发病的风险是阴道分娩的 5 倍。此外,之前有过 CB 会使持续怀孕的发病风险增加三倍。 CB 所生的儿童患过敏原免疫问题、哮喘和肥胖症的风险增加。所以减少不必要的CB 很有必要。

在世界范围内,自我要求的 CB (sCB) 和 EA 与对分娩的恐惧 (FOC) 和对疼痛的恐惧密切相关。减少 FOC 可能会减少 sCB 和 EA;然而,目前关于使用非临床干预降低 CB 率的研究很少。正念干预 (MBI) 是旨在减轻焦虑和慢性疼痛等症状的非临床干预措施。因此,MBI 也可能有利于降低 FOC。

近期一项发表在在美国领先的科学期刊 Birth 上的一项研究表明对孕妇及其伴侣进行简短的、基于团体的正念训练,可将医疗上不必要的剖宫产的几率降低 50%,并使自然分娩的几率增加一倍。

该研究是在一组 140 名孕妇及其伴侣中进行的。该组中的一半接受了受过训练的助产士提供的正念训练,另一半在常规护理中接受了额外的恐惧指导。该研究涉及在分配前 (T0) 和三个评估时间点使用 Wijma-交付期望问卷30 (W-DEQ-A) 进行筛选:(1) 干预前 1 至 2 周(T1 = 16-26 周)妊娠)、(2) 干预后(T2 = 26-36 周妊娠)和(3)分娩报告中的医学数据(T3 = 产后 2-4 周)。

主要观察指标干预前/干预后 FOC、分娩焦虑症、分娩疼痛(灾难化和接受)以及对非紧急产科干预的偏好。研究员主要想探究基于正念的分娩和育儿 (MBCP) 或照常照料 (ECAU) 是否能减少对分娩的恐惧 (FOC) 和分娩期间的非紧急产科干预并改善新生儿的结局。

研究结果发现MBCP 在降低 FOC、分娩疼痛的灾难性、对非紧急产科干预的偏好以及增加对分娩疼痛的接受方面明显优于 ECAU。在分娩过程中,正念组的参与者使用的硬膜外麻醉比对照组少 36%,接受 sCB 的可能性降低 51%(RR 0.49,95% CI [0.36-0.67]),并且是两倍与 ECAU 相关的未用药分娩(RR 2.00,95% CI [1.23-3.20])。

一分钟后婴儿的阿普加分数(一种对新生儿一般状况的快速印象的测试)在正念组中较高,(DM -0.39,95% CI [-0.74 至 -0.03])。经过多次测试校正后,ITT 和 PP 分析中的结果仍然显着。

对有意治疗的人群进行主要结果测量的前(T1)和后(T2)评分以及MBCP和ECAU的有效性。

 Irena Veringa:“这项研究的结果在全球范围内对孕妇和新生儿的护理具有重要意义。世界卫生组织在该领域的主要目标之一是减少对分娩的恐惧,从而减少非孕妇的数量。

“如果进行剖腹产下次怀孕并发症的风险会增加而且剖腹产出生的孩子在以后的生活中患过敏原免疫问题、哮喘和肥胖症的风险会增加。

综上怀孕夫妇的 MBCP 减少了母亲对分娩的恐惧,减少了分娩期间的非紧急产科干预,并可能改善分娩结果。

 参考文献:Irena K. Veringa‐Skiba et al, Fear of childbirth, nonurgent obstetric interventions, and newborn outcomes: A randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness‐based childbirth and parenting with enhanced care as usual, Birth (2021). DOI: 10.1111/birt.12571

 

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    2021-07-16 fangqi.wu

    母亲真辛苦!

    0

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    2021-07-16 ms2658711348342440

    学习了 谢谢

    0

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    2021-07-16 冰冰的可乐

    不要剖腹产

    0

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    2021-07-15 仁术2021

    不错,学习了

    0

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