Nature:全新发现一种重要的癌症免疫治疗新方法:Gasdermin E

2020-03-23 佚名 生物通

近期来自波士顿儿童医院发现了癌症免疫疗法的另外一种新武器,可以在更多的癌症类型中发挥作用。这种方法利用人体内免疫反应重新激活称为Gasdermin E的基因,这种基因在许多类型的癌症中均被抑制。

这个在大多数肿瘤组织中沉默或突变的有效抑癌基因可以重新打开,引发靶向肿瘤的强大免疫攻击。

科学家们发现,肿瘤已经找到防止免疫系统攻击它们的各种方法。就医学而言,williamhill asia 可以通过癌症免疫疗法进行了反击,其中主要方法是使用检查点抑制剂,这是一种有助于免疫系统将癌细胞识别为异物的药物。CAR-T细胞疗法是另一种方法,可以直接改造人们的T细胞,有效识别并杀死癌细胞。

但是,并非所有患者都能通过这些方法治疗,研究显示这些方法仅对少数癌症类型有效,并且CAR-T细胞疗法也有重大风险。

近期来自波士顿儿童医院发现了癌症免疫疗法的另外一种新武器,可以在更多的癌症类型中发挥作用。这种方法利用人体内免疫反应重新激活称为Gasdermin E的基因,这种基因在许多类型的癌症中均被抑制。

这一研究发现公布在3月11日的Nature杂志上。

该研究的主要研究者细胞和分子医学计划(PCMM)的Judy Lieberman医学博士说:“ Gasdermin E是一种非常有效的抑癌基因,但在大多数肿瘤组织中,它要么不表达,要么被突变,” “当激活肿瘤中的Gasdermin E时,它可以将免疫系统无法识别的具有免疫学意义的'冷'肿瘤转变为免疫系统可以控制的'热'肿瘤。”

在这项研究中,Lieberman及其同事发现,他们测试的22种与癌症相关的突变中有20种导致降低了Gasdermin E的功能。当他们在小鼠模型中重新引入Gasdermin E时,发现能够触发pyroptosis,抑制多种肿瘤(三阴性乳腺癌,结肠直肠肿瘤和黑色素瘤)的生长。

加热免疫反应

研究小组还发现了在小鼠肿瘤细胞系中这个基因是如何发挥作用。通常,当包括大多数癌细胞的细胞死亡时,它是通过一种称为凋亡的过程,即安静,有序地死亡。但是,如果存在Gasdermin E并正常发挥作用时,癌细胞会通过一种高度炎性的细胞死亡形式(称为焦亡)死亡。

正如Lieberman的研究小组在活小鼠中显示的那样,这种发热听起来像是一种有效的免疫警报,可以募集杀伤性T细胞来抑制肿瘤。该团队目前正在研究诱导Gasdermin E增强抗肿瘤免疫反应的治疗策略。

他说:“williamhill asia 的建议是,如果能够打开炎症的危险信号,那么与其他免疫疗法相比,williamhill asia 可以更充分地激活淋巴细胞,这具有更大的免疫力。将肿瘤中的炎症激活与检查点抑制剂药物相结合,可能比单独使用任何一种策略都更有效。”

原始出处:Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Xia S,et al. Gasdermin E suppresses tumour growth by activating anti-tumour immunity. Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):415-420.

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    2020-04-04 许安
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    2020-10-31 liye789132251
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    2020-05-20 okhuali
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    2020-03-23 longhaideng

    为什么不检查下肢深静脉是否有血栓,如果朋友大量血栓介入科是否需要滤器治疗?这些问题都没交代!

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083168, encodeId=8e0020831685e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e264641cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64641, encryptionId=79e264641cd, topicName=治疗新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat May 16 16:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2072938, encodeId=c44320e2938e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4ee84647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7846, encryptionId=9d4ee84647, topicName=GAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2dd327, createdName=许安, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 11:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921271, encodeId=a83619212e137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bfa58133ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58133, encryptionId=6bfa58133ef, topicName=新发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644e456, createdName=vera_1203, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 05:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903402, encodeId=7b36190340247, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 10:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884186, encodeId=d1ba188418604, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Oct 31 04:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690644, encodeId=dd611690644c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Wed May 20 17:24:19 CST 2020, time=2020-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=380869, encodeId=73ba3808696d, content=为什么不检查下肢深静脉是否有血栓,如果朋友大量血栓介入科是否需要滤器治疗?这些问题都没交代!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed0d4504458, createdName=longhaideng, createdTime=Mon Mar 23 08:31:45 CST 2020, time=2020-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=380866, encodeId=619338086611, content=这个可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2020/03/10/79695518fa5744eb6dc56904a3897914.jpg, createdBy=4ad15254155, createdName=MYcat124, createdTime=Mon Mar 23 07:42:01 CST 2020, time=2020-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-03-23 MYcat124

    这个可以

    0

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