J RENAL NUTR:临床实践中记录的食物入量和24小时尿液收集是否一致?

2022-03-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

3天饮食记录是确定患者饮食模式的有用工具,但在临床环境中评估特定营养摄入时应谨慎使用。

准确评估营养素和食物摄入量在肾脏病实践中至关重要。2020年肾病结果质量改善倡议(KDOQI)建议将3-5期慢性肾病患者的钠摄入量限制在2300毫克,蛋白质摄入量限制在0.55-0.9克/千克体重。这些威廉亚洲博彩公司 还建议患者使用地中海饮食以改善脂质状况,并多吃水果和蔬菜处方以改善体重、血压和减少净酸生成。

在更严重的肾脏疾病中,如果血清值升高,还需要限制钾和磷的摄入。钠、蛋白质、钾和磷以及钙、镁和液体的摄入在许多肾病疾病中起着关键作用,包括慢性肾病、进行性囊性疾病、肾结石、高血压和蛋白尿。为了提供个性化的营养建议,必须评估这些营养素的摄入量,以确定患者当前的摄入量是否超过每日建议。

本研究的目的是确定作为临床护理的获得的3天饮食记录与24小时尿液收集之间的一致性水平,特别是评估钠、钾、磷、钙、蛋白质和液体摄入量。

数据是从一个学术医疗中心的肾病诊所收集的。对完成3天饮食记录和24小时尿液收集的患者进行分析。使用简单比率、皮尔逊相关和一般线性模型对食物记录和尿液收集测量进行比较。

研究结果显示,患者(n=85)年龄为47.9±15.2岁,54%为女性,平均血清肌酐为1.3±0.7 mg/dL,估计肾小球滤过率为64.2±25.6 mL/min。患者有常染色体显性多囊肾病(48.2%),肾结石(31.1%),慢性肾病(4.7%),或影响肾脏的其他遗传或囊性疾病(12.9%)。营养摄入量是通过3天的食物记录来测量的。使用数值、相关性和一般线性模型比较食物记录和尿液收集。

膳食摄入与24小时尿液收集排泄的比率

液体摄入的一致性最高(比率1.01),钙的一致性最低(比率6.30)。磷(r=0.321,P=0.003)、镁(r=0.256,P=0.018)、蛋白质(r=0.555,P<0.000)和液体(r=0.277,P=0.010)摄入量之间存在显著相关性。钾(P=0.046)、蛋白质(P=0.004)和液体(P=0.010)的食物记录摄入量是24小时尿液排泄的重要预测因子。

简单来说,3天饮食记录是确定患者饮食模式的有用工具,但在临床环境中评估特定营养摄入时应谨慎使用。

参考文献:Melanie V. Betz, Fredric L. Coe, Arlene B. Chapman, Agreement of Food Records and 24-Hour Urine Studies in Clinical Practice, Journal of Renal Nutrition, Volume 32, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 51-57, ISSN 1051-2276, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.005.

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    2022-03-13 chengjn
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    2022-05-30 jml2020
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    2022-03-11 yhy100201
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