JAMA子刊:COVID-19高烧患者更易发展为ARDS,甲基强的松龙治疗或可降低死亡率

2020-03-17 王芳 生物探索

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是COVID-19患者的主要死因。不过,目前尚不清楚哪些人群更易发展为ARDS,以及患者从ARDS发展到死亡与哪些因素相关。

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是COVID-19患者的主要死因。不过,目前尚不清楚哪些人群更易发展为ARDS,以及患者从ARDS发展到死亡与哪些因素相关。

3月13日,中国多所医院的研究人员联合发布在《JAMA Internal Medicine》的一项涵盖201名COVID-19确诊患者的研究报告揭示了与这两个过程有关的因素,并提出,免疫激活可能是患者发展为ARDS的重要原因,但是免疫反应较弱可能导致老年人死亡风险更高,甲基强的松龙治疗或能用于挽救患者的生命。

这些患者于2019年12月25日至2020年1月26日被收治在武汉市金银潭医院,中位年龄为51岁(IQR,43-60岁),其中男性患者占比为63.7%。截至2020年2月13日,144名患者(71.6%)已出院,住院中位时间为13天,另有13名患者仍在住院。

患者从入院到发展为ARDS的中位时间为2天(IQR,1-4天)。治疗期间,84名患者发展为ARDS,其中67人接受了机械通气,最终有44人死亡。在死亡患者中,38人(86.4%)接受了无创机械通气,5人(11.4%)接受了有创机械通气,1人(2.3%)接受了体外膜氧合。

研究人员发现,与无ARDS的患者相比,那些发展为ARDS的患者往往具有以下特征:老年人(≥65岁),就诊时有高烧症状(≥39℃),患有高血压、糖尿病等合并症,中性粒细胞增多,淋巴细胞减少,终末器官相关指数、炎症相关指标和凝血功能相关指标升高。另外,接受类固醇药物甲基强的松龙(具有消炎及抗过敏作用)治疗的患者也更有可能发展为ARDS。

尽管中性粒细胞的增多可能造成中性粒细胞的活化,从而对病毒产生免疫反应,但这也可能会导致“炎症风暴”(细胞因子风暴),使患者出现发热、疲劳等症状。已有研究表明,细胞因子风暴是导致ARDS的重要原因。这或许能够部分解释为什么有高热症状的患者更容易发展为ARDS。不过,尽管高热与发生ARDS的可能性较高有关(HR,1.77;95%CI,1.11-2.84),但是却与死亡呈负相关(HR,0.41;95%CI,0.21-0.82)。


与ARDS发展或从ARDS发展到死亡相关的因素的双变量Cox回归

进一步分析ARDS死亡病例发现,与存活患者相比,死亡患者的年龄更大(差值为18岁,95%CI为13.0-23.0)。另外,死亡的患者患有高血压的比例更高,接受抗病毒治疗的可能性更小,同时他们的肝损害指数、肾功能不全指数、炎症相关指数、凝血功能指数均显著升高,淋巴细胞计数以及CD8 T细胞显著减少。

尽管此前有学者不建议在治疗中使用皮质类固醇激素,认为这可能会加重与COVID-19相关的肺损伤,但是这项研究表明,类固醇药物甲基强的松龙似乎降低了ARDS患者的死亡风险。在发展为ARDS的84名患者中,50名接受了甲基强的松龙治疗的患者里有23例死亡(46.0%),而34名未接受甲基强的松龙治疗的患者里有21例(61.8%)死亡。

接受和未接受甲基强的松龙治疗的ARDS患者的生存曲线

《柳叶刀》最新在线文章也提出,从过去的试验数据来看,在过度炎症中,免疫抑制可能对COVID-19患者是有益的,使用皮质类固醇激素或许能够帮助过度炎症患者提高生存率。

目前,中国以外地区COVID-19确诊病例数已经超过8万例。这项研究或许能够帮助其他国家和地区的医护人员更好地应对疫情,降低因ARDS造成的死亡。

原始出处:
Chaomin Wu,et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. March 13, 2020

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    2021-09-19 病毒猎手

    #ARDS#好文

    0

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    2020-06-13 drwjr
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    2020-03-18 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢williamhill asia 带来这么高水平的研究报道,williamhill asia 科里同事经常看williamhill asia ,分享williamhill asia 上的信息

    0

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