Eur Radiol:低剂量胸部CT的AI应用在放射科医生之间差异究竟有多大?

2021-03-06 shaosai MedSci原创

据国家肺筛查试验及欧洲随机试验报道,使用低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)进行肺癌筛查(LCS)可以降低肺癌死亡率。在一个大规模的LCS中,由于放射科医生经验和偏好

    据国家肺筛查试验及欧洲随机试验报道,使用低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)进行肺癌筛查(LCS)可以降低肺癌死亡率。在一个大规模的LCS中,由于放射科医生经验和偏好的不同,不同的参与机构之间的诊断结果可能存在相当大的差异。因此,诊断的标准化及质量保证是LCS项目实施的基础和前提。先前的研究表明,计算机判析LDCT包括计算机辅助检测(CAD)和肺结节的半自动测量技术,可以提高判析质量并减少不同读者之间判读的差异。然而,这些计算机化方法很少在实际的全国LCS情况下得到评价。但这些技术仍未在全国范围内的LCS项目中进行,其可行性和意义尚不明确。


    近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究通过与中央实验室回顾性判析的比较,评价了在全国范围肺癌筛查(LCS)计划中放射科医师对低剂量胸部CT(LDCTs)的计算机辅助判析的差异程度,并解释了产生差异的原因,为使用LDCT进行LCS提供了技术上支持和保障。

     研究了来自全国LCS计划的连续基线时LDCT(n = 3353)。 在机构阅读中,来自14个机构的20位放射科医生使用计算机辅助检测和半自动肺结节分割系统对LDCT进行了判析。在中央实验室回顾性判析中,由一名放射线医师使用同一系统重新判析了所有LDCT,在未半自动分割的前提下记录了所有≥3 mm的未钙化结节,以最大程度地减少对放射线医师判断力的影响。 阳性结果(需要额外随访的LDCT或诊断程序)在判析期间最初由肺部CT筛查报告和数据系统(Lung-RADS)进行分类,而回顾性的分类则基于荷兰-比利时肺癌筛查的体积标准试验(NELSON)。 用变异系数(CV)评价阳性率的变异性。

    在机构阅读中,放射科医生对Lung-RADS的阳性率介于7.5至43.3%之间,而NELSON的阳性率在11.4至45.0%之间。中央实验室回顾性判析显示Lung-RADS(20.0%vs. 27.3%; p <.001)和NELSON(23.1%vs. 37.0%; p <.001)的阳性率更高,与机构阅读相比机构间的变异性较低(Lung-RADS的CV, 0.30 vs. 0.12, p = .003;NELSON的CV, 0.25 vs. 0.12, p = .014)。

图 机构阅读与中央实验室回顾之间判读不一致的示例。在低剂量胸部CT(a)轴位、(b)冠状位和(c)矢状位图像上显示的一个多边形的、边界清晰的实2胸膜下结节(箭头)。在机构性阅读中,尽管专用阅读系统的计算机辅助检测软件识别出了结节,但放射科医生忽略了这个病灶,并将检查结果报告为Lung-RADS 1。同时,在中央实验室回顾中,放射医师 判读此病灶为真正的结节,平均直径为8 mm,检查结果为Lung-RADS 4A。

    尽管应用了计算机阅读系统,但在全国范围内的肺癌筛查项目中,对筛查低剂量胸部CT的判析存在相当大的差异。不同机构对LCS结果判析的较大差异是由计算机辅助系统的不同使用造成的。通过适当修改阳性结果的阈值,计算机辅助技术可以改善CT判析的机构间差异性。


原始出处:

Eui Jin Hwang,Jin Mo Goo,Hyae Young Kim,et al. Variability in interpretation of low-dose chest CT using computerized assessment in a nationwide lung cancer screening program: comparison of prospective reading at individual institutions and retrospective central reading.DOI:10.1007/s00330-020-07424-1

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    2021-03-08 lq1768
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    2021-03-07 ms8000001203770520

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    2021-03-06 ms8000000733266800

    👍

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