PNAS:抗癌新证据!维生素A衍生物可杀死癌症干细胞

2018-04-25 Chen 生物探索

Acyclic retinoid是由维生素A衍生而来的一种人工化合物,先前已经被发现能够防止肝细胞癌的复发。4月23日,最新发表在PNAS杂志上的一项研究找到了该化合物能够发挥抗癌作用背后的机制。科学家们发现,acyclic retinoid可靶向一类癌症干细胞,阻止它们产生新的肿瘤。

Acyclic retinoid是由维生素A衍生而来的一种人工化合物,先前已经被发现能够防止肝细胞癌的复发。4月23日,最新发表在PNAS杂志上的一项研究找到了该化合物能够发挥抗癌作用背后的机制。科学家们发现,acyclic retinoid可靶向一类癌症干细胞,阻止它们产生新的肿瘤。

肝细胞癌是一种高度致命的癌症,每年在全世界造成大约600,000万人死亡,这使得它成为了继非小细胞肺癌后第二致命的癌症。复发率高是造成肝细胞癌这种高致命性的原因之一(手术和其他疗法最初是有效的,但之后癌症往往会复发),因此,科学家们一直在寻找防止复发的方法。最近有研究证实,acyclic retinoid(也被称为Peretinoin)在这方面是有效的,但它为什么能起作用仍不得而知。

1、关键基因MYCN

为了找到线索,Soichi Kojima带领的研究小组首先调查了暴露于acyclic retinoid的细胞的转录组(the transcriptome of cells that had been exposed to acyclic retinoid),结果发现,与对照组未处理的细胞相比,暴露于acyclic retinoid的细胞中MYCN(一种常在肿瘤中表达的、与不良预后有关的基因)的表达较低。

进一步的实验表明,MYCN表达降低会导致细胞周期进程、细胞增殖和集落形成(colony formation)减慢以及细胞死亡增加,这意味着,acyclic retinoid对MYCN的作用减缓了肿瘤的生长。

2、癌症干细胞

接下来,研究小组开始调查一种特殊细胞的作用。这种名为“癌症干细胞”的细胞能够在化疗或其他疗法的攻击下存活下来,然后分化成新的癌细胞,从而导致癌症复发。

研究结果显示,MYCN的高表达(high expression of MYCN)确实与“与癌症干细胞相关的多种标志物的表达”有关。科学家们还发现,当暴露于acyclic retinoid时,一组特殊的EpCAM阳性癌症干细胞会以剂量依赖性的方式被选择性地耗尽。

为了检测这一研究是否有临床意义,Kojima等获取了“在手术治疗后又接受acyclic retinoid治疗的患者”的肝脏活检组织,结果发现,6名接受高剂量(600 mg/d)acyclic retinoid治疗的患者中,有4人MYCN表达水平下降。最后,科学家们还调查了来自Cancer Genome Atlas的数据,并发现MYCN的高表达与显著地预后不良有关。

3、3期临床试验

据悉,一项测试acyclic retinoid预防肝细胞癌复发能力的3期临床试验目前正在韩国、中国台湾以及新加坡进行。

“很显然,acyclic retinoid能够靶向一类癌症干细胞。这为williamhill asia 减少癌症复发以及真正治愈患者提供了重要的信息。williamhill asia 正等着看未来的临床数据究竟能向williamhill asia 展示什么。”Kojima总结道。


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    2018-06-21 drwjr
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    2018-04-27 wwzzly
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    2018-04-27 lou.minghong

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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近日,上海发布公布了本市癌症的相关数据:上海男性最常见癌症是肺癌、大肠癌、胃癌、肝癌和前列腺癌;上海女性最常见癌症为甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、大肠癌和胃癌。癌症预防很重要!所以,现在很多市民的年度体检套餐里都有“肿瘤标志物检测”项目啦!周浦医院肿瘤血液科的副主任医师周莉介绍说,肿瘤标志物的检测现在已经很普遍,因为这项检测对医生及时为肿瘤病人选择个体化治疗方案有很大的帮助。肿瘤标志物升高≠癌症血清肿瘤

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尽管靶向癌症药物取得了巨大的成功,并且有望实现新型免疫疗法,但绝大多数被诊断有癌症的患者仍首先接受化疗。现在,UCSF研究人员使用计算生物学技术开展的一项新研究,可以使医生更倾向于使用患者肿瘤的基因谱来选择最少副作用和最佳成功机会的化疗方案。

上海女性常见癌症是什么?甲状腺癌

问:上海女性最常见癌症是什么?答:甲状腺癌。上海疾控发布上海最新肿瘤登记报告数据,2014年共诊断新发癌症病例6.8万例。全市癌症发病率为477.8/10万,约为欧美发达国家的2/3。报告显示,2014年,本市男性癌症发病率略高于女性。男性中,肺癌、大肠癌、胃癌、肝癌和前列腺癌是最常见癌症。男性发病第一位的肺癌占所有男性新发癌症的22.3%。上海女性最常见的癌症依次是甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、大肠癌

Science子刊:治疗癌症 手术都不靠谱了?

在癌症治疗上,手术一直是最主要的疗法之一。但人们也发现,在手术过后,一些乳腺癌患者往往会出现较早的复发和转移。这是什么原因呢?不少人猜测,或许是手术过程中掉落的一些癌细胞随着血液跑到全身,促进转移。也有人认为,出现转移的肿瘤早就在患者体内埋下了种子,手术只是碰巧让沉眠的肿瘤苏醒罢了。无论是哪一种解释,背后都隐藏着这样一个逻辑:尽管手术能摘除威胁生命的肿瘤,却会用一种williamhill asia 尚未明确的机理促进癌症复发和

Lancet Glob Health:癌症生存率显著上升!《柳叶刀》公布12年中国癌症大数据分析!

中国国家癌症中心统计数据显示,我国每年新发癌症病例超350万,死亡病例超200万,肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌等是最常见的癌症。癌症防治难度大、疾病负担重,已成为严重危害人类健康的重大公共卫生问题之一。大量数据显示,2003年至2005年间,中国的癌症5年生存率远远低于发达国家,且呈现较大的地理区域差异,因此,人群癌症生存率的检测对全面把握癌症护理的整体有效性至关重要。

Ann Rheum Dis:自身抗体和硬皮病表型可以定义癌症高危和低危亚组

自身抗体特异性和疾病亚型是具有生物学意义的过滤器,可以指导硬皮病患者的癌症风险分层。