AJKD:系统性红斑狼疮患者肾脏替代治疗后的生存率和预后调查

2021-11-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

接受KRT的SLE患者的预后随着时间的推移而改善。需要KRT的SLE患者与因其他原因肾衰竭而需要KRT的患者相比,生存期相似。SLE患者肾移植后的生存率较差。

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种累及不同器官系统的自身免疫性疾病。这是一种典型的育龄年轻女性疾病,男女比例平均约为9:1。狼疮性肾炎(LN)是SLE中最常见和最重要的器官受累类型之一,对患者的预后有负面影响。发生LN的风险在不同地区和种族之间存在显著差异,在SLE人群中的比例从10%到70%不等。

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)导致的肾衰竭通常需要肾脏替代治疗(KRT),而这些患者的临床结果数据常常残缺不全。本研究的目的是描述这些患者中KRT发病率和患病率的趋势,并将其结果与接受KRT治疗的SLE以外疾病的患者进行比较。研究者从14个欧洲肾脏协会中查找接受肾脏替代治疗的患者,基于肾脏登记数据进行回顾性队列研究。

总共有1826名患者因系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)导致的肾功能衰竭而开始KRT,每年的发病率为0.80/百万人口(pmp)。在研究期间,发病率保持稳定(年变化率=0.1[95%CI:-0.6;0.8])。接受KRT治疗的SLE患者的生存率与对照组的生存率相似。肾移植后,SLE患者的死亡风险高于对照组患者,而全因移植失败的风险相似。

肾脏替代疗法(KRT)治疗全身性肾衰竭的发病率

KRT治疗的10年患者总生存率,以及肾移植后的患者和移植物生存率在研究期间有所改善。接受KRT治疗的SLE患者死于感染的可能性(24.8%)明显高于对照组患者。

Kaplan-Meier生存分析,比较(A)患者开始肾脏替代治疗(KRT)术后第1天的生存情况,以及(B)患者和(C) 1992-2006年首次肾移植后,SLE患者和匹配的对照组的移植肾生存率

总之,在这个大型的欧洲队列中,SLE导致肾衰竭的KRT发生率呈平稳状态。研究结果也表明,近几十年来,KRT对SLE患者的预后有改善。最后,SLE作为肾衰竭的潜在原因对KRT后患者的总体生存率影响很小,尽管它确实对肾移植后患者的总体生存率有不利影响。这可能是由特定疾病并发症引起的,但也可能部分是由于长期免疫抑制负担引起的并发症。对这些并发症更好的了解所带来的治疗进展有可能提高SLE患者肾移植后的生存率。

 参考文献:Ondrej Derner, Anneke Kramer, Zdenka Hruskova, et al, Incidence of Kidney Replacement Therapy and Subsequent Outcomes Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Findings From the ERA Registry, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2021, ISSN 0272-6386, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.016.

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    2021-11-16 guoyibin
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    2021-11-16 zhouqu_8

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