Diabetes Care:磺脲类可改善新生儿糖尿病的神经发育

2022-06-10 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

继发于离子通道亚基突变的新生儿糖尿病是很罕见的,最常见于编码ATP钾离子通道基因突变。

继发于离子通道亚基突变的新生儿糖尿病是很罕见的,其最常见于编码ATP钾离子通道基因突变。这些患者可能存在某些神经发育障碍,患儿越大症状越明显。注射胰岛素和口服磺酰脲类(SU)对其治疗是有效的。人体中SU受体广泛表达在脑组织,因此研究组猜想SU可能会对患儿的神经发育有着潜在的影响;而该效果是胰岛素所没有的。

研究人员就该问题研究者进行了一项前瞻性单中心研究,19名研究对象中有15名0.1-18.5岁的男孩,将其从胰岛素治疗换为SU治疗糖尿病。纳入试验时研究对象均行了头颅MRI作为基线资料。治疗方案换为SU治疗后6或12个月,研究者对研究对象的神经发育进行量化评估,同时行神经和肌肉电生理测试。

研究对象的基线资料显示多数人存在肌张力减退、缺乏动作概念、注意力障碍。研究结果显示,SU治疗可以改善患者以下几个情况:HbA1c 水平 (平均改善 -1.55% [-3.8 to 0.1]; P < 0.0001)、智商得分、张力减退(12/15)、视觉注意力不集中(10/13)、粗大和精细运动(<4岁)、动作概念(5/8[年龄较大患儿])。肌肉和神经电生理学测试未见明显异常。纳入研究时有12名研究对象大脑MRI显示大脑病变灶,暗示这些病灶损害是起始中心是源头。

研究结果表明,对继发于通道亚基突变的新生儿糖尿病使用磺酰脲类治疗可以改善患儿神经精神损伤,年龄越小该损伤越大;因此对新生儿糖尿病应进行早期基因诊断,一旦确诊则尽早使用磺酰脲类药物治疗。

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    2016-03-31 docwu2019
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    2015-10-09 neurowu
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