Front Public Health:社区建筑环境与老年人健康的关系探讨

2022-08-20 医路坦克 MedSci原创

社区建成环境质量对老年人的健康有重大影响,但我国高密度城市建成环境对老年人健康影响的研究还远远不够,本文采用分层分析的方法,探讨了年龄和性别异质性对建筑环境与老年人健康关系的影响。

社区建成环境质量对老年人的健康有重大影响。虽然西方低密度城市已有丰富的研究成果,但我国高密度城市建成环境对老年人健康影响的研究还远远不够。建筑环境影响老年人健康的途径仍有待观察,特别是这些途径是否因年龄和性别而异。

方法:以2015年《第四次中国老年人生活状况调查》数据为基础,对北京市3360名60岁及以上老年人进行抽样调查。williamhill asia 首先用多水平回归模型探讨了影响老年人健康的建筑环境因素。然后williamhill asia 采用多水平结构方程模型(MSEM)来揭示健康活动的中介作用。此外,还采用分层分析的方法,探讨了年龄和性别异质性对建筑环境与老年人健康关系的影响。

结果:(1)在500m缓冲区内测量的邻里建筑环境与老年人健康的相关性高于其他区域。(2)体力活动和社会交往在建成环境与老年人健康的关系中起中介作用。即使将居住自选的干扰控制在亚组范围内,大多数建成环境要素对老年人健康也有显著影响。(3)建筑环境变量对老年人健康的影响因年龄和性别不同而不同。人口密度主要通过中年(70-79岁)组和高龄(80岁以上)组的健康活动促进老年人健康,与其他组相比,距离中转站较近通过促进高龄男性(80岁以上)之间的社会互动来影响健康,而高质量的建筑环境仅在老年女性中显著促进身体活动以缓解孤独。

邻里建筑环境对老年人健康中介作用的年龄异质性。

邻里建筑环境对老年人健康中介作用的性别异质性。

结论:要通过改善建筑环境质量来有效促进老年人健康,还应充分考虑不同年龄和性别成年人的差异化需求,提供精准的健康行为干预,强调建设个性化的宜老宜居空间环境,实现健康、积极的老龄化。

文献来源:Li J,  Tian L,  Ouyang W,Exploring the Relationship Between Neighborhood-Built Environment and Elderly Health: A Research Based on Heterogeneity of Age and Gender Groups in Beijing.Front Public Health 2022;10

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