Oncologist:黑色素瘤免疫治疗,老少通吃!

2017-05-12 巩萌萌 肿瘤威廉亚洲官网

针对PD-1/PD-L1的单克隆抗体彻底改变了黑色素瘤的治疗,然而其在各年龄段中的有效性和耐受性的数据有限。麻省总医院癌症中心的Ryan J. Sullivan在近日的The Oncologist上发表文章称,不管年龄如何,黑色素瘤患者都能安全地耐受抗PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体治疗,并实现相似的结局。

背景

针对PD-1/PD-L1的单克隆抗体彻底改变了黑色素瘤的治疗。研究显示,这些药物已经在转移性黑色素瘤患者中表现出显着的疗效,一线治疗方案的应答率高达35%~45%,中位总生存期超过2年。但这些抗PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体对老年癌症患者的影响未知,此外,已经表明年龄可影响患者的治疗方案,造成老年患者治疗不足。然而此类药物在各年龄段患者中的有效性和耐受性的数据有限。此研究的目的,在于确定年龄对接受抗PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体治疗的患者的总生存期(OS)、无进展生存期(PFS)、免疫介导的毒性发生率的影响。

方法

研究人员回顾性收集了所有转移性黑色素瘤患者的数据,这些患者于2009年5月~2015年4月接受了抗PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体治疗。使用Kaplan‐Meier和Cox回归分析,评估OS和PFS,并识别与这些结局相关的因素。研究也比较了各年龄组的自身免疫性毒性的发生率。

结果

254名患者中,57例(22.4%)<50岁,85例(33.5%)为50~64岁,65例(25.6%)为65~74岁,47例(18.5%)≥75岁。

OS:

本研究的中位随访时间为16.0个月(95% CI,13.1~20.4个月)。开始PD-1抑制剂治疗后,整个队列的中位OS为22.0个月(95% CI,17.2~43.0个月)。各年龄组中,中位OS相当(<50岁者:22.9个月;50~64岁者:25.3个月;65~74岁者:22.0个月;≥75岁者:24.3个月)。OS的Kaplan‐Meier评估值见图1。



图1:各年龄组总生存期的Kaplan‐Meier曲线。

多变量Cox成比例风险模型结果(参考组≥75岁)表明,各年龄组的OS无显着性差异(<50岁的HR:0.9(95% CI,0.5~1.8);50~64岁的HR:0.9(95% CI,0.5~1.6);65~74岁的HR:0.8(95% CI,0.6~1.6))。生存期受到肝转移和治疗前乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)是否存在的影响。首次肿瘤科就诊时存在肝转移将使死亡的风险加倍(HR,2.1;95% CI,1.3~3.2;P=0.001),存在异常的治疗前LDH将使死亡的风险增加3倍(HR,3.1;95% CI,2.0~5.0;P<0.0001)。

PFS:

开始PD-1抑制剂治疗后,整个队列的中位PFS为5.4个月(95% CI,3.9~7.5个月)。各年龄组间的PFS相似(<50岁者:4.1个月;50~64岁者:6.5个月;65~74岁者:5.4个月;≥75岁者:7.9个月)。PFS的Kaplan‐Meier评估值见图2。


图2:各年龄组无进展生存期的Kaplan‐Meier曲线。

多变量Cox回归分析显示,虽然≥75岁者的PFS是<50岁者的将近两倍,但是对于老年患者和年轻患者相比,并未发现PFS存在显着性差异(<50岁的HR:1.0(95% CI,0.5~1.8);50~64岁的HR:0.8(95% CI,0.5~1.4);65~74岁的HR:0.8(95% CI,0.5~1.5))。无进展生存期受到肝转移、治疗前LDH、BRAF突变存在与否以及黑色素瘤类型的显着影响。首次肿瘤科就诊时的肝转移患者具有较短的PFS(HR,1.5;95% CI,1.0~2.2;P=0.04),治疗前具有异常LDH的患者也具有较差的PFS(HR,2.3;95% CI,1.5~3.5;P<0.0001),具有BRAF突变也与较短的PFS显着相关(HR,2.3;95% CI,1.5~3.5;P<0.0001)。与确诊为皮肤黑色素瘤的患者相比,黏膜黑色素瘤(HR,3.1;95% CI,1.5~6.4;P<0.001)或葡萄膜黑色素瘤(HR,3.6;95% CI,1.9~7.0;P<0.001)患者也具有显着性短的PFS。

毒性:

总体来说,110例患者(43.3%)出现免疫介导的不良事件,见图3。最常见的毒性为皮炎(27例,10.6%)和结肠炎(25例,9.8%)。65~74岁患者的关节炎发生率显着性高(10.8%,P=0.02)。≥75岁的患者具有较高的甲状腺炎或内分泌相关毒性的发生率,但是这些比较都未达到统计学显着性。值得注意的是,结肠炎、肝炎和肺炎的发生率在各年龄组中没有差异。



图3:各年龄组免疫介导的毒性。

社会人口学特征:

为了进一步评估老年和年轻患者间的差异,该研究评估了可影响治疗结局的社会人口学特征。研究发现,OS受到教育状态的显着影响。与高中毕业的患者相比,大学及以上学历患者的死亡风险降低(HR,0.5;95% CI,0.3~0.9;P=0.01)。相似的,PFS也受到教育水平的影响,并且大学及以上学历的患者的PFS风险约降低一半(HR,0.5;95% CI,0.3~0.8;P=0.009)。

结论

不管年龄如何,黑色素瘤患者都能安全地耐受抗PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体治疗,并实现相似的结局。

点评

本研究证实,不管黑色素瘤患者年龄如何,都可以安全耐受免疫治疗,并实现相似的结果。特别是,研究使用了两家学术癌症中心的数据,并未发现各年龄组(除了关节炎外)在OS、PFS或免疫相关毒性上存在显着性差异。随着人口老龄化,此类研究将成为帮助医生理解如何最佳治疗老年癌症患者的关键。

研究也有一些局限性。首先,这是一项回顾性研究,超过75岁的研究对象相对较少,因此,研究结果需要在具有更多数量老年患者的前瞻性试验中予以进一步验证。其次,虽然这是一项多地区研究,但是所有患者都在学术癌症中心接受治疗,因此,结果不能推广到在社区中接受治疗的患者。第三,研究未对毒性严重程度进行分级。同时,研究也缺乏因毒性而导致停药的相关信息。因此,需要在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的患者中进行进一步的研究,以便更好地理解毒性严重程度中的年龄相关差异。

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    2017-12-23 minlingfeng
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    2017-06-19 sunylz
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    2017-05-16 137****4081

    好,文章图不错

    0

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    2017-05-15 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习。

    0

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    2017-05-14 july_977
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    2017-05-13 cuiyejia

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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