Lancet Infect Dis:病毒性脑膜炎:发病率、病因、后遗症

2018-09-30 吴星 环球医学网

在英国,病毒性脑膜炎的发生率、病因及结局知之甚少。2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性、队列研究调查了英国成人病毒性脑膜炎的发病率、病因和后遗症。

在英国,病毒性脑膜炎的发生率、病因及结局知之甚少。2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性、队列研究调查了英国成人病毒性脑膜炎的发病率、病因和后遗症。

背景:病毒性脑膜炎被越来越多地识别,但是其在英国的发生率、病因及结局了解甚少。研究人员旨在确定英国成人病毒性脑膜炎的发病率、病因和后遗症,从而改善患者管理,并协助卫生服务规划。

方法:研究人员进行了一项多中心前瞻性观察性队列研究,研究对象为英国42家医院疑似脑膜炎的成人。英国国民医疗保健制度(NHS)西北地区(现在是NHS英国北部的一部分)嵌套在本研究内是一项流行病学研究。患者的入组标准为,16岁或以上,临床疑似脑膜炎,进行腰椎穿刺,如果腰椎穿刺禁忌,则临床疑似脑膜炎,并且在血液培养或血液PCR中鉴别出适当的病原体。具有心室装置的患者排除。研究人员计算了病毒性脑膜炎的发病率,使用的数据仅来自于西北地区的患者,并使用这些数据估计了英国人群标准化的病例数。住院后1年,患者使用EuroQol EQ-5D-3L、36条目健康调查简表(SF-36)和Aldenkamp和Baker神经心理评估表,自我报告了生活质量和神经心理学结局。

结果:2011年9月30日~2014年9月30日纳入了1126名患者。638人(57%)患有脑膜炎:231人(36%)为病毒性,99人(16%)为细菌性,267人(42%)未知病因。41人(6%)还有其他病因。病毒性脑膜炎的估计年发病率为2.73/100000,细菌性脑膜炎为1.24/100000。病毒性脑膜炎患者中位住院日为4天(IQR,3~7),接受抗病毒治疗者增加至9天(6~12)。早期腰椎穿刺比延期腰椎穿刺可造成更多的患者鉴别出特异性病因。与年龄配对的英国人群相比,病毒性脑膜炎患者在第一年平均损失0.2质量调整生命年(SD,0.04)。

结论:病毒是英国成人最常鉴别出的脑膜炎病因,可造成实质性的长期发病率。腰椎穿刺延迟和不必要的抗病毒治疗,与更长的住院日相关。快速诊断和合理治疗可降低脑膜炎对医疗服务的负担。

原始出处:
McGill F1, Griffiths MJ2, Bonnett LJ3, et al.Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in UK adults: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study.Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;18(9):992-1003. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30245-7. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

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    2019-03-30 howi
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    2019-07-28 howi
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    2018-10-02 huirong

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