右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤一例

2019-07-25 段人桦 张波 朱廷准 中国医师进修杂志

患者男,44岁,因“右眼肿胀、眼球突出2个月余”于当地医院予以颅内占位切除术,术后增强MRI(图1A~1D)示:颅脑术后改变,双侧筛窦、右眼眶内及前颅窝肿块,右眼球突出,术后残留双侧筛窦、右眼眶内及前颅窝底部分瘤体,术后病理提示脑膜瘤。术后患者右眼肿胀及眼球突出症状未见明显好转,患者为进一步手术切除残余肿瘤,来我院就诊。术前CT(图1E)示:肿瘤邻近骨质密度不均匀。行手术切除治疗,

患者男,44岁,因“右眼肿胀、眼球突出2个月余”于当地医院予以颅内占位切除术,术后增强MRI(图1A~1D)示:颅脑术后改变,双侧筛窦、右眼眶内及前颅窝肿块,右眼球突出,术后残留双侧筛窦、右眼眶内及前颅窝底部分瘤体,术后病理提示脑膜瘤。术后患者右眼肿胀及眼球突出症状未见明显好转,患者为进一步手术切除残余肿瘤,来我院就诊。术前CT(图1E)示:肿瘤邻近骨质密度不均匀。行手术切除治疗,





图1该例右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤患者术前影像学表现。注:1A:T1WI显示右侧前颅窝底巨大软组织肿块影,呈稍高信号;1B:T2WI显示肿块呈等信号;1C:冠状位MRI;1D:矢状位MRI显示增强扫描后软组织肿块明显强化,并见脑膜尾征;1E:术前CT示右侧前颅窝底巨大软组织肿块影,邻近骨质密度不均匀
 
术中见:右侧额底及左侧鸡冠至嗅沟处匍匐性生长肿物,基底位于嗅沟处,质地韧,血供丰富,包膜完整,与周围组织界限清楚,肿瘤穿透筛板及右侧眼眶内侧壁突入筛窦、蝶窦、额窦后壁及右侧眼眶内。
 
术后病理检查(图2):病变符合脑膜瘤(混合型,WHOⅠ级)。术后诊断:右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤(WHOⅠ级)。术后第3天MRI示(图3):肿瘤SimpsonⅠ级切除。



图2该例右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤患者病理图片。注:病理图片显示肿瘤细胞大部分为梭形呈平行、席纹状、束状位于富于胶原的纤维基质内,少部分呈椭圆形、团块或漩涡排列,病变符合脑膜瘤(混合型,WHOⅠ级)



图3该例右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤患者术后MRI。注:3A:术后冠状位MRI;3B:术后水平位MRI;3C:术后矢状位MRI
 
讨论
 
沟通性脑膜瘤引起的临床症状主要与肿瘤部位、大小及周围结构受累及情况有关。颅底脑膜瘤向颅外沟通,可压迫邻近的脑神经,常常以相应脑神经症状作为就诊原因。当其与视神经关系密切时,眼部症状和体征发生较早,以眼球外突为典型表现,而视力、视野和对光反射的异常多为晚期症状,是肿瘤增大的间接征象之一。
 
由于本病的发生率低,常误诊断为其他病变,发生在颅底的颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤需要与淋巴瘤、神经鞘瘤、鼻咽癌、转移瘤等疾病相鉴别。CT和MRI能较准确地显示肿瘤的大小、部位、形态以及与周围结构的关系。CT对显示肿瘤内出血、钙化及颅底骨折破坏情况有优势,而MRI对肿瘤侵犯周围软组织结构、脂肪间隙及脑膜情况要优于CT。CT和MRI相结合为脑膜瘤的诊断、选择手术方式提供了较大参考价值。
 
脑膜瘤治疗上首先手术治疗,对于颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤,需要根据具体部位选择不同的手术入路。残留者术后可以考虑补充放射治疗。本例采用冠状原切口联合神经内镜下经鼻腔右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤切除+前颅窝底重建。治疗后复查头颅MRI提示脑膜瘤已全部切除,且患者右眼肿胀、眼球突出症状明显好转。脑膜瘤大多为良性病变,仅1%~2%为恶性,其复发及预后主要和病理分级、术后肿瘤残留、肿瘤附着于重要的颅内结构、Ki-67增殖指数高、肿瘤细胞多形态等因素相关。本例病理诊断为脑膜瘤WHOⅠ级,但肿瘤穿透筛板及右侧眼眶内侧壁突入筛窦、蝶窦、额窦后壁及右侧眼眶内,生物学行为具有潜在恶性,应密切随访。

原始出处:

段人桦,张波,朱廷准, 等.右侧前颅窝底颅内外沟通性脑膜瘤一例[J].中国医师进修杂志,2018,(6):561-562. 

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