JCO:来那度胺+R-CHOP维持治疗,老年DLBCL患者预后如何?

2017-05-28 Dr.Kang 肿瘤威廉亚洲官网

近期一项新研究表明,对R-CHOP方案一线治疗反应的老年弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)接受来那度胺维持治疗后,无进展生存期(PFS)显著延长。这是首个针对维持治疗方案带来PFS获益的III期临床试验,其研究结果发表于Journal of Clinical Oncology上。

【研究背景】

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,在高收入国家占淋巴瘤总发病率的30%-40%。目前R-CHOP方案(利妥昔单抗联合环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱和强的松)是新诊DLBCL的标准治疗方案。然而在治疗后的1~2年内,近30%~40%的DLBCL患者出现疾病的进展或复发,其中大部分患者将因疾病而死亡。因而如何更好的提高患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)仍然是不小的挑战。

近期,一项由淋巴瘤学术研究组织(LYSARC)发起的II期临床试验(REMARC研究)显示,对R-CHOP 一线治疗反应的老年DLBCL患者接受来那度胺维持治疗后,无进展生存期(PFS)显着延长。之前的一项II期临床研究显示,来那度胺联合R-CHOP方案有着较好的有效性和临床的安全性。这为本次应用来那度胺联合R-CHOP作为一线诱导治疗方案以及R-CHOP之后作为维持治疗方案的提供了强有力的依据。

【研究方法】

该研究共纳入650例年龄在60-80岁,前期未接受过治疗的DLBCL或其他侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤的老年患者,且他们均经过6~8个周期的R-CHOP治疗均获得部分或完全缓解。所有患者随机分配,那度胺组接受21天的维持治疗(25mg/d),对照组组接受安慰剂维持治疗。28天为1个周期,连续治疗24个月。

【研究结论】

中位随访39个月,来那度胺组未达到PFS,而安慰剂组PFS为58.9个月,(HR, 0.708; 95% CI, 0.537 to 0.933; P = .01)。亚组分析:男性或女性,对于年龄调整后的国际预后指数0、1、 2或3,年龄小于70 岁和超过70岁,均未达到中位总生存期。

将随访延长到52个月(2016.10),两组间OS相似(HR, 1.218; 95% CI, 0.861 to 1.721; P = .26)。来那度胺组,患者2年的OS为87%(95%CI, 82% to 90%),安慰剂组是89%(95% CI, 85% to 92%) 。来那度胺组和安慰剂组治疗的相关常见3级和4级不良反应是,中性粒细胞减少(56%和 22%)以及皮肤反应(5% 和1%)。



细胞起源亚组分析

【讨论】

REMARC研究是首个针对于DLBCL维持治疗方案方面探索得出PFS获益的III期临床试验。不管是新药加至R-CHOP方案中,还是诱导期间(比如联合贝伐单抗)或R-CHOP治疗后进行联合作为维持方案,结果均未表现出这样的PFS获益。

来那度胺对于R-CHOP方案治疗后达到CR和PR的患者同等重要。有趣的是,达到PR的患者,特别是PET扫描检查阳性的患者,能够在6个月内转变为CR。该研究表明,诱导治疗作用比维持治疗作用对于这种转变更有益。亚组分析也观察到了不同临床特征(年龄,性别,国际预后指数)获得的PFS提高。

来那度胺是一种免疫调节剂,能够通过免疫调节(例如:增强T细胞和NK细胞的杀伤作用)和抗增殖来发挥抗肿瘤作用,本研究的策略是,通过来那度胺修复T细胞免疫突触机能失调的机制(前期在滤泡性淋巴瘤与慢性淋巴细胞白血病中有报道),来根除R-CHOP方案诱导治疗后休眠期的淋巴瘤细胞,从而避免早期和晚期的复发。

有研究表明,来那度胺能够降低Treg细胞,激活CD8+的T淋巴细胞,影响T辅助细胞的亚型。如REMARC试验,来那度胺组观察到的疗效,仅仅是由于上调干扰素基因直接发挥抗肿瘤作用,而不是其他免疫调节机制参与。这种推断在另外一项以来那度胺作为维持治疗的试验中得到了证实:该项针对慢性淋巴细胞白血病的研究,来那度胺治疗组与安慰剂组相比,PR转变为CR是相似的。

尽管来那度胺组的3级和4级中性粒细胞减少和皮肤反应导致试验组过早停药(过早停药治疗的患者占61%,而安慰剂组为41%),但来那度胺对于PFS的获益也依然存在,值得注意的是再次出现原发肿瘤的风险两组间相似。

【结论】

此研究表明,R-CHOP方案治疗后达到CR或PR的老年DLBCL患者接受来那度胺维持治疗2年内能够显着提高PFS。同时,该研究为来那度胺应用到其他侵袭性B细胞肿瘤如DLBCL、3B滤泡淋巴瘤以及转化型惰性淋巴瘤的常规治疗中奠定基础。对于研究中为何PFS显着改善没能带来OS的获益,研究人员猜测可能由于疾病进展后的不同情况以及其他未知原因所致。

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    2017-07-08 lidong40
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    2017-05-30 cathymary
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